学校空间在学生心中留下了什么?——小学生学校空间意象现状与特点剖析  

What Does the School Space Leave in the Minds of Students?Analysis of the Current Situation and Characteristics of Spatial Imagery in Primary School Students

作　　者：王世伟[1,2] 方艺君 WANG Shi-wei;FANG Yi-jun(School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510631,China;Institute for Advanced Study of Educational Development in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510631,China;Guangdong Experimental High School Liwan School No.1 Primary Division,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510631 [2]粤港澳大湾区教育发展高等研究院,广东广州510631 [3]广东实验中学荔湾学校第一小学部,广东广州510631

出　　处：《基础教育》2024年第5期98-112,共15页Journal of Schooling Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学国家一般课题“公平视角下新高考政策的认同度与改进对策研究”(BHA170149)。

摘　　要：小学生对不同的学校空间形成了不同的心理意象。由于学校开展正式的、单调的教育活动且管理严格,小学生对教室形成了“怕犯错被笑话”“很尴尬”的意象,对大课间时的操场形成了“太无聊”的意象。批评惩戒学生的空间在学生心中的意象伴随着负面情感,办公室成了“紧张压抑的地方”,走廊成了“管违反纪律的同学的地方”。小学生对教师管控不到的空间进行功能自主开发,大树下成了“好想念”的美丽自然空间,有栏杆的空间成了“攀爬区”,卫生间成了“玩乐场”。学校严格的空间管理导致学生对正式学习空间的意象伴随着消极情感,学生对自主开发的非正式空间的意象伴随着积极情感。从主导性的特点来看,小学生空间意象的形成过程具有长期性与主动建构性两方面的突出特点。同时,小学生空间意象表现出复杂多面性,它是长期性与偶然迸发性的结合,主动性与被动性的结合,整体上体现出辩证的特点。Primary school students form different mental images of different school spaces.Due to the formal,monotonous educational activities and strict management,primary school students have developed the image of“fear of making mistakes,being criticized and joked,and embarrassing”,and the playground is“too boring”during recess.The image of the space for criticizing and punishing students is accompanied by negative emotions,with the office becoming a“place of tension and depression”and the hallway becoming“a place for classmates who violate discipline.”Primary school students independently develop and transform functions in spaces that cannot be controlled by teachers,and under the big trees it becomes a beautiful self-space that“I miss”,the space with railings becomes a“climbing area”,and the bathroom becomes a“play field”.From the point of view of the dominant characteristics,the formation process of primary school students'spatial image has two outstanding characteristics:long-term and active construction.At the same time,the spatial image of primary school students shows complex and multi-faceted,it is the combination of long-term and accidental outburst,initiative and passivity,and shows the dialectical characteristics on the whole.The strict space management results in the negative emotion associated with students'image of formal school space and positive emotion associated with students'mental impression of self-developed informal school space.

关 键 词：学生视角 学校空间 空间行为 空间意象 

分 类 号：G625.5[文化科学—教育学]