基于电子病历的先天缺牙诊疗趋势及临床分析  

Trends and clinical characteristics of congenital tooth agenesis from electronic medical records

作　　者：郭新月 许涛云 段小红 GUO Xin-yue;XU Tao-yun;DUAN Xiao-hong(State Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology,Department of Oral Biology,Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases,School of Stomatology,The Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔医学重点实验室,空军军医大学口腔医院口腔生物学教研室和口腔罕见病与遗传病门诊,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志》2025年第2期78-83,共6页Chinese Journal of Conservative Dentistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82370907);国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心专项课题项目(LCC202201);苗子人才孵育计划项目(MZ202307)。

摘　　要：目的:通过基于电子病历系统的回顾性研究了解先天缺牙的诊疗趋势及临床特征,为先天缺牙的监测及预防提供数据支持。方法:纳入2021年1月至2023年12月就诊于空军军医大学第三附属医院(第四军医大学口腔医院)、电子病历系统诊断为先天缺牙患者的临床资料,按照年龄、性别、就诊原因及科室、缺牙类型、牙位、全身病史、家族史等信息进行回顾性统计分析。结果:在1713211初诊患者中,先天缺牙确诊比例为仅为0.026%(n=445);5~9岁是先天缺牙最常见的就诊年龄,其次为10~14岁;在就诊原因方面,约40.8%的患者因先天缺牙或存在牙未萌、乳牙滞留及牙齿缝隙大等就诊,59.2%的病例因其他口腔问题就诊;90%以上的先天缺牙患者主要就诊于以下科室:儿童口腔科、口腔罕见病与遗传病门诊及口腔修复科;所有先天缺牙患者中,约4.7%的病例伴有外胚层发育不良及相关综合征;81.8%的乳牙先天缺失患者仅缺失1~3个乳牙,且最好发于下颌乳侧切牙;恒牙先天缺失好发于第二前磨牙及侧切牙;乳恒牙多数牙先天缺失较少数牙缺失者各牙位缺失率显著增加。结论:电子病历有利于先天缺牙等发病率低的口腔遗传病进行诊疗趋势监测、疾病分类及其他流行病学特征分析。然而电子病历仍面临记录质量不一及信息偏倚等挑战。推进电子病历质量控制、在全国范围医院电子病历系统推广应用《口腔罕见病名录》及其国际疾病分类法(ICD)代码,积极建立口腔遗传病专科门诊,有利于提升该类疾病的诊断效率及防治水平。AIM:A retrospective study based on electronic medical records was conducted to investigate patient visit patterns and clinical characteristics of congenital tooth agenesis,and to provide data for monitoring and preventing this condition.METHODS:The clinical data of patients diagnosed with congenital tooth agenesis in the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University(Stomatological Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University)and the electronic medical record system from January 2021 to December 2023 were included,and retrospective statistical analysis was conducted according to age,gender,cause of visit and department,type of missing teeth,tooth position,general medical history,family history and other information.RESULTS:Among the 1713211 first visiting patients,only 0.026%(n=445)were diagnosed with congenital tooth agenesis.The most common visiting age was 5-9 years,followed by 10-14 years.About 40.8%of the patients visited the hospital due to congenital tooth agenesis or accompanying symptoms(such as unerupted teeth,retained deciduous teeth,and large diastemas),and 59.2%of the cases were due to other oral problems.More than 90%of patients were treated in the following departments:pediatric dentistry,clinic of oral rare and genetic diseases,and prosthodontics;About 4.7%of all patients with congenital tooth agenesis were associated with ectodermal dysplasia and related syndromes.81.8%had one to three missing deciduous teeth,with the mandibular lateral incisors being the most commonly affected teeth.congenitally missing permanent teeth was most common in the second premolars and lateral incisors.Compared to hypodontia,those with oligodontia showed significantly increased rates of missing teeth in different tooth positions.CONCLUSION:EMRs are valuable for symptom detection,disease classification,and monitoring trends of low-incidence oral diseases like congenital tooth agenesis.However,electronic medical records still face challenges such as inconsistent record quality and informatio

关 键 词：先天缺牙 电子病历 就诊趋势 临床分析 

分 类 号：R783.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]