哈萨克马泌乳拟合及乳中营养成分分析  

Lactation simulation and analysis of nutritional components in milk of Kazakh horse

作　　者：孙啸渊 薛利 古丽巴合提·达吾列提汗 恒巴提·掏皮合 黑孜别克·哈孜别克 汤驰 杨宝钰 郝朝帅 王亚茹 杨娜 周小玲[1] 张秀萍[1] 艾克拜尔·热合曼 吾买尔江·艾孜木[1] 格明古丽·木哈台[1,2] SUN Xiaoyuan;XUE Li;Guibaheti·DAWULIETIHAN;Hengbati·TAOPIHE;Heizibieke·HAZIBIEKE;TANG Chi;YANG Baoyu;HAO Chaoshuai;WANG Yaru;YANG Na;ZHOU Xiaoing;ZHANG Xiuping;Aikebaier·REHEMAN;Wumaierjiang·AIZIMU;Geminggui·MUHATAI(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in the Tarim Basin,Alar 843300,China;Fuyun County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Fuyun 836100,China;Fuyun County Tuerhong Township Agricultural(Animal Husbandry)Development Service Center,Fuyun 836199,China;Fuyun County Dure Town Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Fuyun 836104,China;Fuyun County Kalabugen Township Agriculture(Animal Husbandry)Development Service Center,Fuyun 836103,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]富蕴县农业农村局,新疆富蕴836100 [4]富蕴县吐尔洪乡农业(畜牧业)发展服务中心,新疆富蕴836199 [5]富蕴县杜热镇畜牧兽医站,新疆富蕴836104 [6]富蕴县喀拉布勒根乡农业(畜牧业)发展服务中心,新疆富蕴836103

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2025年第3期47-53,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新疆地方马种遗传多样性和系统进化研究”(31960643);国家自然科学基金项目“哈萨克斑点马毛色性状相关基因多态性及被毛皮组织中表达研究”(31560616)。

摘　　要：为了探究哈萨克马泌乳规律及测定哈萨克马鲜马乳中常规成分、氨基酸和维生素C含量,试验分别在新疆阿勒泰地区富蕴县喀拉通克乡(K采样点)、恰库尔图镇(Q采样点)和杜热镇(D采样点)3个采样点,选取处于同一泌乳期3~5胎次的哈萨克马共60匹,测定泌乳量、鲜马乳常规成分、氨基酸和维生素C含量,利用六次多项式回归模型绘制泌乳拟合曲线。结果表明:3个采样点哈萨克马的泌乳高峰期均在泌乳期第60天左右。各胎次均在第60天左右达到泌乳高峰期,其中第3胎次泌乳高峰持续力优于第4胎次和第5胎次。不同采样点、不同胎次泌乳曲线拟合度均较高。3个采样点鲜马乳常规成分中冰点差异不显著(P>0.05);D采样点的乳脂率极显著高于其他两个采样点(P<0.01),非脂固形物含量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率均显著高于K采样点(P<0.05)。第3胎次的非脂固形物含量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率均极显著高于第5胎次(P<0.01)。第4胎次的非脂固形物含量极显著高于第5胎次(P<0.01)。D采样点鲜马乳中天冬氨酸、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸含量极显著或显著高于Q采样点(P<0.01或P<0.05),但与K采样点鲜马乳差异不显著(P>0.05);D采样点鲜马乳中谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸含量极显著高于其他两个采样点(P<0.01);Q采样点鲜马乳中半胱氨酸含量极显著高于其他两个采样点(P<0.01)。K采样点鲜马乳中维生素C含量为165.66μg/mL,极显著高于其他两个采样点(P<0.01)。说明六次多项式回归模型拟合效果好,可作为预测哈萨克马泌乳量的模型,哈萨克马鲜乳中富含氨基酸和维生素C,具备成为婴幼儿母乳替代品和功能保健品的潜在价值。The purpose of this study was to investigate the lactation regularity and determine the content of conventional nutrients,amino acids and vitamin C in fresh milk of Kazakh horses.A total of 60 Kazakh horses at the same lactation period of 3-5 parity under different feeding conditions were selected from three sampling sites in Kalatunke Township(sampling point K),Qiakultu Township(sampling point Q)and Duge Township(sampling point D)in Fuyun County,Altay Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomoas Region,respectively.The fitting curve of lactation was drawn using the sith-degree poloynomial regression model by measuring milk yield,conventional milk composition,amino acid content and vitamin C in Kazakh horses.The results showed that the peak lactation of Kazakh horses at the three sampling points was about the 60th day of lactation.All parities reached the peak lactation at about the 60th day,and the persistence of the peak lactation at the 3rd parities was better than that at the 4th and 5th parities.The fit of lactation curves of different sampling points and different parities was higher.There was no significant difference in the freezing point of conventional milk components among the three sampling points(P>0.05).The milk fat percentage at the sampling point D was extremely significantly higher than that at the other two sampling points(P<0.01),the non-fat solids,the milk protein rate and the lactose rate were significantly higher than those at sampling point K(P<0.05).The non-fat solids,milk protein rate and lactose rate in the 3rd parities were extremely significantly higher than those at the 5th parities(P<0.01).The non-fat solids at the 4th parities were extremely significantly higher than those at the 5th parities(P<0.01).The contents of aspartic acid,methionine and tyrosine in fresh mare’s milk at sampling point D were extremely significantly or significantly higher than those at sampling point Q(P<0.01 or P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the contents in fresh mare’s milk at sampling point

关 键 词：哈萨克马 泌乳曲线 鲜马乳 常规营养成分 氨基酸 维生素C 

分 类 号：S821.2[农业科学—畜牧学]