木棉碳气凝胶的制备及其吸附化学污染物的研究  

Preparation of Kapok-Derived Carbon Aerogel and Its Adsorption Performance for Chemical Pollutants

作　　者：张颖[1,2] 陈博[1,3] 戴月 杨苏祥 罗志敏[1,3] ZHANG Ying;CHEN Bo;DAI Yue;YANG Suxiang;LUO Zhimin(State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(LoFE)&JiangsuKey Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Theranostic Technology,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China;College of Electronic and Optical Engineering&College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology),Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Chemistry and Life Sciences,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学柔性电子全国重点实验室,江苏省生物智能材料与诊疗技术国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏南京210023 [2]南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院/柔性电子(未来技术)学院,江苏南京210023 [3]南京邮电大学化学与生命科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期104-109,共6页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(22275096);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(22KJA430007);江苏省“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师项目。

摘　　要：基于生物质木棉制备碳气凝胶,介绍了从材料制备、表征到应用性能探究的开放式综合性研究型实验。通过扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪进行形貌与结构表征,利用热重分析仪对木棉样品进行热重分析,通过元素分析仪测定碳气凝胶各元素含量与比例,并探讨了碳气凝胶对常见化学污染物的吸附性能。结果表明,木棉经过高温碳化,含氧功能基团逐渐失去,生成的碳气凝胶中纤维的中空结构并未消失,但纤维的直径减小。碳气凝胶对环己烷、氯仿和乙醇展现了优异的吸附能力且可重复使用。实验通过科教融合拓宽学生知识体系,培养综合科研能力,为材料化学相关领域复合型拔尖创新人才培养提供有益的参考和借鉴。This study presents an open-ended comprehensive research-oriented experiment on the preparation of carbon aerogels from biomass kapok,covering material preparation,characterization,and application performance exploration.The morphology and structure of the materials are characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.Thermogravimetric analysis of kapok samples is conducted with a thermogravimetric analyzer,and the elemental composition and proportions in the carbon aerogel are determined by using an elemental analyzer.Additionally,the adsorption performance of carbon aerogels for common chemical pollutants is explored.The experimental results show that oxygen-containing functional groups in kapok gradually diminish following high-temperature carbonization,while the hollow fiber structure in the generated carbon aerogel remains intact,though the fiber diameter is reduced.The kapok-derived carbon aerogel exhibits excellent adsorption capacity for cyclohexane,chloroform,and ethanol and is reusable.This experiment expands students'knowledge system through the integration of science and education,cultivates their comprehensive research abilities,and provides useful references and inspirations for the training of interdisciplinary top-tier innovative talents in materials chemistry-related fields.

关 键 词：碳气凝胶 木棉 吸附剂 化学污染物处理 开放式综合性研究型实验 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]