科学、技术、工程和数学领域女性缺失现象的成因与干预述评  

Review of the Causes and Interventions for the Underrepresentation of Women in STEM Fields

作　　者：许玲瑞娜 张丽 XU Lingruina;ZHANG Li(Department of Psychology at School of Sociology and Psychology,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学社会与心理学院心理学系,北京100081

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2025年第3期185-192,共8页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871120)。

摘　　要：通过梳理近十年的相关文献,从生理、个体心理和社会环境三方面分析女性在科学、技术、工程和数学(Science,Technology,Engineering,Mathematics,STEM)领域的低参与度和高流失率现象的成因。生理因素主要是大脑结构和性激素的作用;心理因素是自我效能感、认知能力以及STEM兴趣的性别差异;社会环境因素则涉及性别刻板印象、家庭和学校的影响。目前的干预研究主要探究了学校、家庭和社会媒体消除性别刻板印象和提升STEM兴趣的相关教育干预措施的效果。未来研究应聚焦于拓展研究视野至STEM新兴领域、加强本土化研究、开展干预研究并评估其长期效果。This study reviews the relevant literature from the past decade to analyze the underlying reasons for the low participation and high attrition rates of women in STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics)fields,considering biological,psychological,and socio-environmental factors.Biological factors encompass brain structure and sex hormones;psychological factors involve self-efficacy,cognitive abilities,and interest in STEM subjects;socio-environmental factors include gender stereotypes,family influences,and educational settings.Current intervention studies primarily focus on educational and governmental strategies within schools,families,and social media,aiming to mitigate gender stereotypes and enhance interest in STEM subjects.Future research should broaden its scope to encompass emerging STEM fields,increase localized studies,and evaluate the long-term effects of various interventions.

关 键 词：女性缺失 性别差异 性别刻板印象 STEM兴趣 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学] R395[经济管理]