垄沟秸秆覆盖对旱作马铃薯土壤水热特征及产量的影响  

Effects of Furrow Straw Mulching on Soil Hydrothermal Characteristics and Yield of Potato under Dry Cultivation

作　　者：张楷楷 赵德明 马菊花 白鹏军 马鹏 陈蕙 徐文杰 黄彩霞 刘众宇 Zhang Kaikai;Zhao Deming;Ma Juhua;Bai Pengjun;Ma Peng;Chen Hui;Xu Wenjie;Huang Caixia;Liu Zhongyu(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Gansu Institute of Architectural Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Department of Physics and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Normal University for Nationalities,Gannan 747000,Gansu,China;Dingxi Water Conservancy Research Institute,Dingxi 743000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省建筑设计研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州730000 [3]甘肃民族师范学院物理与水电工程系,甘肃甘南747000 [4]定西市水利科学研究所,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期139-146,共8页Crops

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RJ1020);甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2023-13);甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院科研团队建设专项(Gaucwky-07);兰州市科技计划项目(2022-2-62)。

摘　　要：为探明垄沟秸秆局部覆盖对土壤水热及马铃薯耗水、产量及水分利用效率的影响机理,进而寻求半干旱地区马铃薯提质增产的最优种植模式。2021年在黄土高原雨养条件下以垄作和覆盖为因子,设置高垄秸秆局部覆盖(SHL)、平作秸秆局部覆盖(PL)、地膜局部覆盖(PSM)及不覆盖露地平作(CK)4个处理进行大田试验。结果表明,与CK相比,垄沟秸秆覆盖处理显著提高土壤贮水量7.84~15.34%,显著降低苗期―块茎形成期、块茎膨大―淀粉积累期阶段耗水量及耗水强度;降低土壤温度2.45~17.37%;产量及干薯产量分别显著提高2.93%~18.67%和2.50%~25.84%,大薯率及商品薯率分别显著提高4.29%~57.70%和11.86%~27.50%,块茎含水率显著提高2.84%~2.86%。秸秆局部覆盖处理间,PL较SHL提高土壤贮水量6.95%;SHL处理较PL在苗期―块茎形成期、淀粉积累期―收获期显著降低耗水量14.23%和39.98%;在块茎膨大期―淀粉积累期、淀粉积累期―收获期分别降低耗水强度12.17%和40.09%;SHL较PL处理产量显著提高15.30%。与CK相比,SHL、PL、PSM处理水分利用效率均显著提高;与PSM处理相比,SHL、PL处理分别提高6.17%、2.23%,SHL较PL处理提高3.85%。通过主成分分析,SHL处理对陇中旱作马铃薯田间土壤水热调节效果最优,其调温保墒、提质增产效果显著,是当地较为适宜的种植栽培模式。In order to investigate the influence mechanism of ridge furrow partial straw mulching on soil water temperature,water consumption,yield and water use efficiency of potato,and to seek the optimal planting model for potato quality and yield improvement in semi-arid areas,four treatments of high ridge straw strip mulch(SHL),plain straw strip mulch(PL),plastic film mulch(PSM)and open field plain mulch(CK)were set up under rain-reared conditions on the Loess Plateau for field tests in 2021.The results showed that compared with CK,straw mulching treatment significantly increased the soil water storage by 7.84%-15.34%,and decreased the water consumption and water intensity at seedling-tuber formation stage,tuber swelling-starch accumulation stage.Soil temperature decreased by 2.45%-17.37%.The yield and dry potato yield were increased by 2.93%-18.67%and 2.50%-25.84%,the yield of large potato and commercial potato were increased by 4.29%-57.70%and 11.86%-27.50%,respectively,and the water content of tuber was increased by 2.84%-2.86%.In straw mulching treatment,PL treatment increased soil water storage by 6.95%compared with SHL.Compared with PL,SHL treatment significantly reduced water consumption by 14.23%and 39.98%at seedling-tuber formation stage and starch accumulation-harvest stage,respectively.The water consumption intensity was reduced by 12.17%and 40.09%at tuber swelling stage-starch accumulation stage and starch accumulation stage-harvest stage respectively.SHL treatment significantly increased the yield by 15.30%compared with PL.Compared with CK,water use efficiency of SHL,PL and PSM treatments were significantly increased.Compared with PSM,SHL and PL treatment increased by 6.17%and 2.23%,respectively.SHL was 3.85%higher than that of PL.By principal component analysis,partial mulching of high ridge straw(SHL)has the best effect on soil water and heat regulation in semi-arid area of central Gansu,and it is a suitable planting and cultivation mode.

关 键 词：马铃薯 秸秆局部覆盖 水分 温度 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]