水氮调控对膜下滴灌马铃薯水分动态及产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Water Dynamics and Yield of Potato under Mulched Drip Irrigation

作　　者：马鹏 魏熙明 丁芳菊 张楷楷 王巧丽 邢古月 常磊 黄彩霞 Ma Peng;Wei Ximing;Ding Fangju;Zhang Kaikai;Wang Qiaoli;Xing Guyue;Chang Lei;Huang Caixia(College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Irrigation Experiment Station,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州市灌溉试验站,兰州730050

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期170-178,共9页Crops

基　　金：兰州市科技计划项目(2022-2-62);甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RJ1020);甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2023-13)。

摘　　要：为探明适宜陇中半干旱地区马铃薯节水减肥、提质增产的种植模式,于2023年4-9月在甘肃省皋兰县开展膜下滴灌马铃薯水氮调控大田试验。设置3个水分调亏梯度:高水[W1,占田间持水量(FC)的65%~75%]、中水(W2,55%~65%FC)和低水(W3,45%~55%FC);3个施氮梯度:高氮(N1,240 kg/hm^(2))、中氮(N2,180 kg/hm^(2))和低氮(N3,120 kg/hm^(2)),以高水不施肥为对照(CK),共10个处理。结果表明,马铃薯0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水率均以W1N2处理最高;马铃薯在块茎膨大期的耗水量、日耗水强度及耗水模系数均达到最高值,各处理间,以W1N1处理总耗水量、阶段耗水量和日耗水强度达到最高,W1N2处理次之,W1N1较CK处理分别显著提高9.25%、9.91%和9.87%;不同水氮调控下,W1N2处理的产量、商品薯率及水分利用效率(WUE)均达到最高,较CK处理分别显著提高42.17%、23.88%和31.24%。可见,不同水氮调控下,高水中肥(W1N2)在马铃薯节水保墒、提质增产方面效果显著,是该地区较为适宜的种植模式。In order to explore a suitable planting mode for water-saving,fertilizer-reducing,quality-improving and yield-increasing of potatoes in the semi-arid area of central Gansu,a field experiment on the regulation of water and nitrogen in potato under mulched drip irrigation was conducted in Gaolan county,Gansu Province,from April to September 2023.Three water deficit gradients were set up:high water[W1,accounting for 65%-75%of field water capacity(FC)],medium water(W2,55%-65%FC)and low water(W3,45%-55%FC).Three nitrogen application gradients:high nitrogen(N1,240 kg/ha),medium nitrogen(N2,180 kg/ha)and low nitrogen(N3,120 kg/ha),with high water without fertilization as control(CK),a total of ten treatments.The results showed that the average soil water content of the 0-120 cm soil layer in the potato field treated with W1N2 was the highest.The water consumption,daily water consumption intensity and water-consumption modulus coefficient of potato reached the highest value in the tuber bulking period.Among the treatments,the total water consumption,stage water consumption and daily water consumption intensity of W1N1 reached the highest,followed by W1N2 treatment.Compared with CK treatment,W1N1 significantly was increased by 9.25%,9.91%and 9.87%,respectively.Under different water and nitrogen regulation,the yield,marketable potato rate and water use efficiency of W1N2 treatment reached the highest,which were significantly increased by 42.17%,23.88%and 31.24%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.It is evident that high-water combined with medium-fertilizer(W1N2)has a significant effect on with water-saving,soil moisture conservation,quality improvement,and potato yield increase in potato cultivation under varied water and nitrogen management.It is a relatively suitable planting pattern in this region.

关 键 词：马铃薯 膜下滴灌 水氮调控 水分 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]