改革开放以来我国家庭家教家风建设的历程、问题与路径  

The Process,Problems and Path of the Family,Family Education and Family Tradition Construction in China since the Reform and Opening-up

作　　者：安许心 关嘉琦 AN Xuxin;GUAN Jiaqi

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国教育与社会发展研究院 [2]北京师范大学教育学部

出　　处：《社会治理》2025年第1期84-93,共10页Social Governance Review

基　　金：北京师范大学中国社会管理研究院2024年智库课题“家庭家教家风建设融入基层治理研究”(项目编号:zsyzkkta202413)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国家庭家教家风政策体系建设经历了起步探索期(1981—1995年)、规范化发展期(1996—2009年)、专业化发展期(2010—2020年)和成熟发展期(2021—),政府“支持家庭”、建立家庭友好型政策的公共服务功能不断扩展和强化。我国家庭家教家风建设取得了令人瞩目的成就,也存在一些问题和挑战:在家庭建设方面,我国家庭规模和结构呈现小型化和单一化趋势,面临适婚人口不断走低、总和生育率不断降低和养育成本较高、青年群体生育意愿较为低迷的挑战。在家庭教育方面,我国家庭教育工作稳步推进,家长对家庭教育意义的认知显著提升,家庭教育专业指导服务持续向好,但面临家庭教育体制机制不够健全、家庭教育观念和行为城乡发展不平衡、家长教育焦虑情绪较为普遍、家庭教育指导工作存在短板等问题。在家风建设方面,我国家风建设秉承社会主义核心价值观,兼容并蓄,但仍存在主体责权不清、操作性和系统性有待提升、家风建设忽视行为养成与教育等问题。未来家庭家教家风建设要着力依托和融入社会治理:破解“九龙治水”难题,完善协同治理机制;分类施策,缓解不同群体的差异化婚育焦虑;更新社区微环境,以“育儿友好社区”建设为抓手,主动规划、优化家庭友好和儿童友好的城乡社区空间。Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy,the policy system construction of family,family education and family tradition in our country has undergone the exploration stage(1981-1995),the standardized stage(1996-2009),the professionalized stage(2010-2020),and the mature stage(2021-).Currently,significant accomplishments have been attained in the construction of family,family education and family tradition,nonetheless,certain issues and challenges remain.Firstly,with respect to family construction,the scale and structure of Chinese families are manifesting a propensity towards miniaturization and simplification,confronted with predicaments such as a dwindling number of marriageable individuals,a declining total fertility rate,exorbitant child-rearing costs,and a subdued fertility intention among youngsters.Secondly,in the domain of family education,the efforts of family education have been steadily advanced.Parents’recognition of the significance of family education has been conspicuously enhanced,and the professional guidance services for family education have continued to ameliorate.Nevertheless,it is beset by an imperfect family education system and mechanism,an imbalanced development of concepts of family education and behaviors between urban and rural areas,widespread parental educational anxiety,and deficiencies in family education guidance work.Finally,the construction of family tradition in our country closely adheres to the core socialist values and is inclusive;yet,it still encounters problems such as ambiguous responsibilities,lack of operability and systematicity and neglect of behavior cultivation and education.Therefore,we propose:Addressing the issue of“multiple authorities governing”and improving the coordinated governance mechanism;optimizing the allocation of educational resources and alleviating parental anxiety;improving the micro-environment of communities,taking the construction of“child-friendly communities”as an entry point,and actively planning and optimizing th

关 键 词：家庭家教家风 家庭结构 家庭教育 家校社协同育人 育儿友好社区建设 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学] D649[政治法律—政治学]