基于多源数据的城市街道空间消防可达性识别与提升研究——以柳州市为例  

Identification and enhancement of firefighting accessibility in urban street based on multi source data:Case of Liuzhou

作　　者：翟滢莹 翟辉 滕绍贤 卢捷 ZHAI Yingying;ZHAI Hui;TENG Shaoxian;LU Jie

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]柳州市消防救援支队指挥中心 [3]柳州城市职业学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2025年第1期102-108,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52168003)。

摘　　要：消防救援空间可达性是衡量城市消防救援效率及消防资源配置情况的重要指标。文章运用了火灾统计数据、消防救援站点地理空间数据、出行圈数据及百度街景数据等多源大数据,构建了一种基于百度驾车路线规划API等时圈,街景图像分析为补充的消防救援可达性评估方法。以柳州市为实例,从火灾风险和消防救援可达性两方面对城市消防安全进行评估,并通过实地调研与走访消防管理部门验证评估结果有效性。结果表明:消防安全风险最高区域集中在老市区中心商业步行街及其周边老旧住宅区,原因除该区域火灾隐患大外,步行街区各出入口受违章停放车辆影响,道路通畅度低,老旧住宅区由于早期规划欠考虑,道路曲折狭窄严重影响消防救援车辆通行效率,从而降低区域消防救援可达性,对此提出优化改进建议。本文构建“火灾风险评价—救援等时圈评价—道路通畅度评价”模型,从多元视角展开论证,为更科学地开展城市消防安全研究提供了一种方法借鉴。Accessibility to firefighting and rescue operations serves as a critical indicator for assessing the efficiency of urban fire and rescue operations and the allocation of firefighting resources.Functional departments can optimize and improve regions with areas lacking sufficient firefighting services by analyzing the spatial accessibility of fire and rescue services,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of urban firefighting and rescue efforts.Utilizing the driving route planning Application Programming Interface(API)of internet map technologies,it is possible to accurately estimate the distance and time between any two points based on real-time traffic conditions.This facilitates the calculation of fire and rescue accessibility on a macro urban scale.However,the driving route planning API’s data collection samples are based on standard passenger vehicles and do not comprehensively consider the real-world scenarios of fire trucks.Recently,the application of artificial intelligence technologies has enabled the evaluation of urban environments based on street view images across extensive spatial scales.Street view image data can intuitively reflect the accessibility of urban streets,providing a basis for assessing the passability of fire and rescue vehicles.This offers a more specific and realistic reflection of firefighting and rescue accessibility.Therefore,this study proposes an urban firefighting and rescue accessibility evaluation approach based on isochrone models with supplementary street view analysis.The research employs a multifaceted methodology using diverse datasets including fire statistics,geospatial data of fire and rescue stations,isochrone data,and Baidu street view data to develop a firefighting and rescue accessibility assessment method based on Baidu’s driving route planning API isochrones and supplemented by street view image analysis.Taking Liuzhou city as a case study,the fire safety of the city is assessed from the aspects of fire risk and firefighting and rescue accessibility.Firstly

关 键 词：等时圈 街景图像 多源数据 百度地图API 消防救援 可达性 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]