如何提高农村青年就业质量?——人力资本和社会资本联合作用机制研究  

How to Improve the Quality of Rural Youth Employment?-Research on the Mechanism of the Joint Action of Human Capital and Social Capital

作　　者：齐文浩[1,2] 贝宁 孟大虎 Qi Wenhao;Bei Ning;Meng Dahu(College of Economics and Management,Jilin Agricultural University;Jilin Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Center;Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences),Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学经济管理学院 [2]吉林省乡村振兴战略研究中心 [3]《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》编辑部

出　　处：《宏观质量研究》2025年第1期25-39,共15页Journal of Macro-quality Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字农业赋能农业可持续发展的理论逻辑与实证研究”(21CJL018);研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“实现更加充分、更高质量就业研究”(22ZDA094);中国社会科学院重大经济社会调查项目“乡村振兴综合调查及中国农村调查数据库项目”(GQDC2020017)阶段性成果的资助。

摘　　要：农村青年是在农村环境中成长的青年一代,是联系城市与乡村友好交流的重要桥梁纽带,其就业质量直接影响到实现社会稳定的农村高质量发展目标。基于2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查(CRRS2020)数据,通过深入分析人力资本、社会资本及其联合作用机制对农村青年就业质量的影响,得出主要结论如下:其一,人力资本、社会资本对提高农村青年的就业质量具有显著的正向影响;其二,人力资本和社会资本联合作用机制之间存在一定的替代关系,高水平的人力资本可以有效替代低水平社会资本劣势;其三,异质性分析结果表明,人力资本、社会资本及其联合作用机制对低经济水平地区农村青年群体、女性农村青年群体、24~35岁范围内农村青年群体就业质量的提升具有更显著的影响。有鉴于此,提出构建多层次的就业平台、合理运用多元化手段、加强创新性理念的培育、制定差异化战略等对策建议,以便更好地提高农村青年的就业质量。Rural youth are the young generation who have grown up in a rural environment,and they are an important bridge linking cities and rural areas,and their employment quality directly affects the goal of achieving high-quality rural development with social stability.Based on the data of the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey(CRRS2020),through an in-depth analysis of the impact of human capital,social capital and their joint mechanisms on the employment quality of rural youth,the main conclusions are as follows:first,human capital and social capital have a significant positive impact on improving the employment quality of rural youth;Second,there is a certain substitution relationship between the joint action mechanism of human capital and social capital,and high-level human capital can effectively replace the disadvantages of low-level social capital.Third,the results of heterogeneity analysis show that human capital,social capital and their joint mechanisms have a more significant impact on the improvement of the employment quality of rural youth groups,female rural youth groups,and rural youth groups in the range of 24-35 years old in low-economic areas.In view of this,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as building a multi-level employment platform,rationally using diversified means,strengthening the cultivation of innovative ideas,and formulating differentiated strategies,so as to better improve the employment quality of rural youth.

关 键 词：农村青年 就业质量 人力资本 社会资本 联合作用 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]