美国军事训练场特征污染物研究进展  

A Review of Characteristic Pollutants in American Military Training Grounds

作　　者：陈阿凤 范峻雨 李学新 孙荷 姚明宇 CHEN Afeng;FAN Junyu;LI Xuexin;SUN He;YAO Mingyu(Engineering and Technological Research Centre of National Disaster Relief Equipment,Army Logistics Academy,Chongqing 401331,China;Army Logistics Academy,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军勤务学院,国家救灾应急装备工程技术研究中心,重庆401331 [2]陆军勤务学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2025年第2期222-236,共15页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN202412901,KJQN202412907)。

摘　　要：军事训练活动所产生的特征化合物,对生态环境和人类健康构成不容忽视的潜在威胁,了解军事训练场特征污染物的污染状况对于环境风险评估至关重要。该文通过梳理美国军事训练场的相关文献,综述了重金属和含能化合物等特征污染物在土壤中的污染现状、健康风险、迁移转化以及修复等方面的研究进展。结果显示,美国军事训练场特征污染物具有一定程度的生态毒性,土壤性质、水文地质条件和径流情况是影响军事训练场特征污染物迁移转化的重要因素,特征污染物修复还需在综合考虑的基础上选取相对应的修复技术。未来仍需深化对金属铀迁移转化机理的探究,同时还应加强金属铀及含能化合物的毒理学研究,以更深入地了解这些污染物对人体健康的潜在危害。此外,重金属和含能化合物之间的协同耦合作用也是未来研究的重点。该研究将为中国军事训练场地的风险管理与治理修复工作提供坚实的技术支撑和科学依据。The contamination of characteristic compounds generated by military training activities presents a significant and non-negligible potential threat to both the ecological environment and human health.It is widely acknowledged that an in-depth understanding of the pollution status of characteristic pollutants in military training grounds is essential for accurate environmental risk assessment.In this paper,through summarizing the pertinent literature about US military training fields,we elucidate the research progress pertaining to the pollution status,health risk assessment,migration and transformation,as well as remediation strategies for characteristic pollutants such as heavy metals and energetic compounds within soil matrices.As a result of the overview,it is showed the presence of discernible levels of ecological toxicity associated with characteristic pollutants found in US military training grounds,and the key factors influencing the migration and transformation processes of these characteristic pollutants include soil properties,hydro-geological conditions,and runoff dynamics.Moreover,effective remediation approaches necessitate careful consideration based on a holistic evaluation.Future research endeavors should focus on further elucidating the mechanisms governing the migration and transformation processes specific to metal uranium.Additionally,enhancing the toxicological investigations related to metal uranium and energetic compounds is imperative for gaining deeper insights into their potential impact on human health.Furthermore,the synergistic coupling effect between heavy metals and energetic compounds represent a critical area is future research subject that should pay attention to.In sum-mary,the overview is expected to furnish robust technical support and scientific underpinnings for risk management initiatives as well as remediation endeavors concerning military training areas in China.

关 键 词：军事训练场 土壤 重金属 含能化合物 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]