电-碳-绿证市场耦合下的源-荷双层交互优化  

Optimization of source-load bilayer interaction in the coupling of electricity-carbon-green certificate markets

作　　者：张国良 蔺红[1] 田易之[1] ZHANG Guoliang;LIN Hong;TIAN Yizhi(School of Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学电气工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《电力系统保护与控制》2025年第5期1-10,共10页Power System Protection and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(52367012);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项资助(2022B01020-3)。

摘　　要：“双碳”背景下,市场主体如何统筹考虑电交易、碳交易、绿证交易以提高自身收益、降低系统碳排放、增加新能源消纳的问题亟需解决。为此,提出一种多市场耦合的源-荷双层优化模型。首先,为加强碳市场与其他市场的耦合,根据火电发电占比发放碳配额,并推导碳配额随火电出力变化的微增率,将其计入火电商碳交易边际成本。为提高绿证市场的活跃度,提出绿证购买不足时的阶梯惩罚机制。针对风电出力的不确定性,采用随机优化方法构建风电出力场景,通过K-medoids方法将众多场景转化为确定性场景。然后,建立电-碳-绿证耦合的双层交互优化模型,上层目标为主体运营成本最小,下层目标为社会福利最大。最后,基于PJM5节点系统分析,结论验证了所建模型的有效性。所提方法可以优化资源配置,降低系统碳排放,提高新能源消纳。Under the"dual carbon"policy,it is crucial to address how market participants can integrate electricity trading,carbon trading,and green certificate trading to maximize their profits,reduce system carbon emissions,and increase renewable energy consumption.To tackle this issue,a multi-market coupled source-load bi-level optimization model is proposed.First,to strengthen the coupling between the carbon market and other markets,carbon allowances are allocated based on the proportion of thermal power generation.The incremental variation rate of carbon allowances with thermal power output is derived and incorporated into the marginal cost of carbon trading for thermal power producers.To stimulate activity in the green certificate market,a tiered penalty mechanism is introduced for insufficient green certificate purchases.Given the uncertainty of wind power output,a stochastic optimization method is used to construct wind power output scenarios.These are then transformed into deterministic scenarios by the K-medoids method.Subsequently,a bilayer interactive optimization model of electric-carbon-green certificate coupling is established.The upper-level objective minimizes market participants’operating cost,while the lower-level objective maximizes social welfare.Finally,based on an analysis of the PJM5 node system,the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified.The results demonstrate that the proposed method can optimize resource allocation,reduce system carbon emissions,and improve renewable energy consumption.

关 键 词：电力市场 碳市场 绿证市场 市场耦合 双层优化 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]