肿瘤外科学发展现状与趋势分析  

Analysis of the Current Status and Trends in Oncology Surgery Development

作　　者：张旭[1] 顾良友 贾通宇 Xu Zhang;Liangyou Gu;Tongyu Jia(Department of Urology,Third Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第三医学中心泌尿外科医学部,北京100039

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2025年第1期50-59,共10页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

基　　金：北京首发专项(首发2024-1-5042)的资助。

摘　　要：肿瘤外科学作为肿瘤综合治疗的重要支柱,经历了从传统开放手术向腹腔镜手术和机器人手术的变革。近年来,依托人工智能、大数据、5G通信和分子生物技术等前沿科技,推动了肿瘤外科学向远程化、精准化和智能化迈进。远程手术技术有望实现跨区域医疗资源共享,为偏远地区患者提供优质诊疗服务;基于CRISPR/Cas9的“分子手术刀”则为基因层面的精准干预打开了新局面;AI在术前影像分析、手术路径规划及风险预测中的应用提升了个性化治疗水平。然而,医疗资源分配不均、技术推广难以及伦理法律问题,仍是肿瘤外科学面临的挑战。展望未来,肿瘤外科学将在可解释性AI、多模态成像和自主手术等新技术驱动下,进一步提升精准性与智能化水平,推动整体治疗模式的革新,最终为患者带来更高的生存率与生活质量。Oncology surgery,as a crucial pillar of comprehensive tumor treatment,has evolved from traditional open surgery to laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures.In recent years,advancements in cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence,big data,5G communication,and molecular biotechnology have propelled oncology surgery toward remote,precise,and intelligent approaches.Remote surgery is expected to facilitate cross-regional sharing of medical resources,providing high-quality treatment services to patients in remote areas.Meanwhile,the CRISPR/Cas9-based“molecular scalpel”has opened new avenues for precision interventions.AI applications in preoperative imaging analysis,surgical pathway planning,and risk prediction have significantly enhanced the level of personalized treatment.However,challenges such as uneven distribution of medical resources,difficulties in technology dissemination,and ethical and legal concerns continue to pose obstacles for oncology surgery.Looking ahead,driven by advancements in explainable AI,multimodal imaging,and autonomous surgery,oncology surgery will further enhance its precision and intelligence,fostering innovations in overall treatment models and ultimately improving patient survival rates and quality of life.

关 键 词：肿瘤 外科学 微创手术 人工智能 精准外科 

分 类 号：R730.56[医药卫生—肿瘤]