国家通用语言与少数民族语言的法律关系建构  

The Legal Relationship Construction Between National Common Language and Minority Languages

作　　者：李玲 王建学 Li Ling;Wang Jianxue(School of International Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Law,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学国际教育学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《天津大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期105-112,共8页Journal of Tianjin University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD159);国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD150).

摘　　要：我国的语言法律政策以中华民族多元一体格局为基础,围绕国家通用语言和少数民族语言的关系形成了独特的双重结构。多元与一体是辩证统一的,国家通用语言与少数民族语言之间是彼此促进、相互依存的关系。平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系也是对语言关系的要求,语言关系必须体现社会主义原则并由国家充分发挥积极功能。全国人大常委会法工委连续4年公布相关的典型审查案例,其中发展出国家通用语言的不可取代性标准,为更准确理解国家通用语言和少数民族语言的关系提供了具体指引。国家通用语言与少数民族语言的法律关系,需要以相关宪法规定为基础进行融贯的规范建构,协调《国家通用语言文字法》《教育法》等法律,积极推进相关的备案审查工作。一方面,必须充分发挥通用语言文字制度的功能,另一方面,在语言自由的保护方面遵循平等原则。实现国家通用语言和少数民族语言之间法律关系的清晰化和精准化,有助于全面铸牢中华民族共同体意识。Based on the diverse and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation,China’s language legal policies have formed a unique dual structure that revolves around the relationship between the national common language and minority languages.Diversity and unity are in dialectical unity,and the relationship between national common language and minority languages is mutually promoting and interdependent.In a unified multi-ethnic country,socialist ethnic relations of equality,unity,mutual assistance,and harmony are also requirements for language relations.Therefore,language relations must embody socialist principles and be guided by the state to play a positive role.The Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress has released relevant typical review cases for four consecutive years,in which the irreplaceable standard of national common language has been developed,providing specific guidance for a more accurate understanding of the relationship between national common language and minority languages.The legal relationship between them needs to be standardized and constructed coherently based on the relevant provisions of the constitution,coordinated with laws such as the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language and the Education Law,and the relevant filing and review work should be actively promoted.On the one hand,it is necessary to fully exert the function of the national common language and character system.On the other hand,it is essential to adhere to the principle of equal protection of linguistic liberty.Achieving clarity and precision in the construction of legal relationships between national common language and minority languages helps to comprehensively strengthen the consciousness of the Chinese national community.

关 键 词：中华民族共同体 国家通用语言文字 语言自由 平等保护 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]