合成生物学概述及其在兽医领域的应用前景展望  

Introduction to Synthetic Biology and Its Prospective Application in Veterinary Field

作　　者：潘俊慧 周凯钰太 王素春[1,2] 许铭柯 隋金钰 魏世萌 祁倩 李超 王楷宬 Pan Junhui;Zhou Kaiyutai;Wang Suchun;Xu Mingke;Sui Jinyu;Wei Shimeng;Qi Qian;Li Chao;Wang Kaicheng(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control(South China)of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),青岛市动物生物安全重点实验室,山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第2期57-65,共9页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：中国动物卫生与流行病学中心创新基金项目(DW2021008)。

摘　　要：合成生物学是以人工设计和基因组改造为核心的一门多学科交叉融合的前沿学科,其基于工程学原理,通过人工合成生物调控元件、模块和基因线路调控网络等对底盘细胞进行设计和改造,以实现底盘细胞和基因线路的工程化。近年来,合成生物学在我国兽医领域得到快速发展,目前已被用于基因工程疫苗研究、病原微生物检测、抗生素替代品研发等方面,并在兽用药品与生物制品研发方面展示出了巨大应用潜力,但同时也伴随着生物安全、伦理、监管、公众认知等方面的挑战。本文对合成生物学进行概述,对其在兽医领域中的研究和应用前景进行展望,以期为合成生物学在兽医领域的深入应用提供参考。Synthetic biology is a frontier discipline with multidisciplinary integration centering on artificial design and genome modification,designing and modifying chassis cells through synthetic biological regulatory elements,modules and gene circuit regulatory network based on engineering principles,to engineer chassis cells and gene circuit.With rapid development in the field of veterinary medicine in China,synthetic biology was currently used for researches on genetic engineering vaccines,pathogenic microorganism detection,research and development of antibiotic alternatives,etc.,and presented huge application potential in the development of veterinary drugs and biological products,although it was accompanied by the challenges from biosafety,ethics,regulation and public awareness.Here,synthetic biology was reviewed,and its prospective application and relevant researches in the field of veterinary medicine were prospected,aiming to guide its further application in the field as a reference.

关 键 词：合成生物学 兽医领域 基因工程 应用前景 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]