安溪县北部茶园土壤钾素含量分布状况研究  

Potassium in Soil at Tea Plantations in Northern Anxi County

作　　者：王育平 WANG Yu-ping(Anxi County Tea Science Research Institute,Fujian,Quanzhou 362400,China)

机构地区：[1]安溪县茶叶科学研究所,福建泉州362400

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2024年第6期48-54,共7页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：农业农村部项目(KMD18003A)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解安溪县北部茶园土壤钾素营养状况,为茶园钾肥的合理施用提供依据。【方法】根据养分丰缺等级分类,对安溪县北部9个茶叶主产乡镇50个茶园土壤钾含量进行调查,研究安溪北部茶园土壤全钾和速效钾丰缺、空间分布情况,并对钾素的主要影响因素进行分析。【结果】安溪北部茶园土壤全钾含量介于5.0~42.7g·kg^(-1),均值18.45g·kg^(-1),其中全钾含量处于中等及以上等级样品31个,占比62%,说明其全钾含量处于较高水平;茶园土壤速效钾含量介于21.85~168.51 mg·kg^(-1),均值64.64 mg·kg^(-1),处于较低和低等级样品有36个,占比72%,说明其速效钾含量处较低水平。从空间分布来看,土壤全钾含量较高区域主要分布于西北-东南走向,形状类似哑铃,全钾含量较低的区域分布于感德镇与剑斗镇交界的部分地区。而速效钾空间分布总体上较为均匀,仅湖上乡零星地区以及与长卿乡交接的少部分地区速效钾含量处于低水平。土壤全钾主要受岩石K2O、砂粒等因素影响,速效钾与土壤有机质等理化性质及岩石K2O含量相关性不显著。【结论】安溪北部茶园土壤全钾含量处于中等以上水平,但速效钾含量普遍处于较低水平。建议在茶园管理中,应注重钾肥的施用,以满足茶树生长需求。【Objective】Distribution pattern of potassium in soils at tea plantations in northern Anxi county was surveyed to facilitate fertilization of the farming.【Method】Potassium contents in the soils of 50 tea plantations in 9 townships in the region were classified by degree of abundance.Spatial distribution of the total and available potassium in soil was correlated with selected environmental factors.【Result】Thirty-one plantations,accounting for 62% of the total surveyed sites,had the total potassium content in soil ranging from 5.0 g·kg^(-1) to 42.7 g·kg^(-1) with a mean of 18.45 g·kg^(-1) and were classified as medium and above levels in abundance.On the other hand,36 locations,i.e.,72% of the total,were low or deficient on available potassium with a content ranging 21.85-168.51 mg·kg^(-1) and averaging 64.64 mg·kg^(-1).Spatially,the areas with high total potassium in the region were northwest-to-southeast geographically distributed in a dumbbell-like shape,while those with low soil potassium bordered between the towns of Gande and Jiandou.The areas of same available potassium classification spread uniformly,except some places low on the content sporadically located in Hushang town and parts of the land close to Changqing town.The total potassium in soil was affected by the potassium oxide in the rocks as well as sand,whereas the available potassium did not significantly correlate with either the organic matter and physiochemical properties of the soil or the potassium oxide content in the rock.【Conclusion】The total potassium in soil of tea plantations in northern Anxi county was relatively rich,but the available potassium generally poor.Hence,potassium fertilization might be necessary for the area tea plantations.

关 键 词：茶园 土壤肥力 钾素 养分管理 养分评价 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]