检察机关“提前”介入侦查再检视  

Re-examination of the"Advance"Intervention of Procuratorate in the Investigation

作　　者：陈海锋[1] CHEN Haifeng

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第3期110-124,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金一般项目“范式转换视角下刑事审前程序与审判程序的衔接研究”(项目编号:24BFX130)的研究成果。

摘　　要：检察机关“提前”介入公安机关侦查是我国侦检衔接的重要机制,其直接源于打击犯罪的需要。然而,机制初建的规范偏离了法制,而不断开展的实践也偏离了规范本身。无论是宪法还是刑事诉讼法,目前都没有为这种机制提供明确的规范支持,而其他规范性文件作为依据也不充分。以配合为主的检察提前介入侦查,与检察机关在审前程序的客观中立角色不符,削弱了其法律监督职能。以“诉讼职能说”“法律监督说”或“综合说”为主要基础的理论依据,一定程度上忽视了我国刑事诉讼的特殊性。虽然检察提前介入侦查具有一定的积极价值,但侦查质量的提高不是检察机关的职责,同步监督与动态监督也难以实现,对诉讼效率的追求更可能影响司法公正。因此,检察“提前”介入侦查应当谨慎。The"advance"intervention of procuratorate in the investigation by the police is an important mechanism for the connection between investigation and prosecution in China,which is directly due to the need to crack down on crime.However,the norms established at the beginning of the mechanism were deviated from the legal system,and the ongoing practice also deviates from the norms themselves.Neither the Constitution nor the Criminal Procedure Law currently provides clear normative support for such a mechanism,and other normative documents can not sufficiently serve as the basis.The advance intervention of procuratorate in the investigation which focuses on cooperation,is inconsistent with the objective and neutral role of the procuratorate in the pretrial procedure,and weakens its position as a legal supervisor.To a certain extent,the theoretical basis mainly based on the theory of the function in the litigation,the theory of legal supervision,or the comprehensive theory is detached from the particularity of China's procuratorate.Although the advance intervention of procuratorate in the investigation enjoys a certain positive value,it is not the responsibility of the procuratorate to improve the quality of the investigation,and it is difficult to achieve synchronous supervision and dynamic supervision,and the pursuit of litigation efficiency is more likely to affect judicial fairness.The"advance"intervention of procuratorate should be approached with caution.

关 键 词：提前介入 法律依据 法律监督 理论基础 价值误区 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]