考虑刀具振动的高速五轴联动铣削机床振动抑制研究  

Vibration suppression of high-speed five axis linkage milling machine considering tool vibration

作　　者：邓广 王宽田[1] 梁世华 DENG Guang;WANG Kuantian;LIANG Shihua(Ocean Engineering College,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Beihai 536000,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林电子科技大学海洋工程学院,广西北海536000 [2]桂林理工大学信息科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第3期577-584,共8页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41562018);广西创新驱动发展专项(AA19254016);全国大学生创新训练计划项目(202410595092,202410595086)。

摘　　要：由于高速五轴联动铣削加工中刀具存在振动现象,从而会使刀具与工件之间的相对位置发生偏差。针对该问题,提出了一种考虑刀具振动的高速五轴联动铣削机床振动抑制方法,提高了铣削机床的加工质量。首先,设计了零振动微分(ZVD)输入整形器,通过刀具轨迹整形优化了刀具的运动轨迹,减少了切削力波动和振动;然后,设计了一个五层结构的模糊神经网络控制器,利用模糊神经网络实时控制切削参数,以适应加工过程中的变化,保持加工过程的稳定性;最后,通过分析铣削力与未铣削切屑厚度之间的关系,实施了刀具振动抑制,降低了伺服进给系统的谐振,提高了振动抑制效率。研究结果表明:在应用该方法抑制刀具振动后,高速五轴联动铣削机床的刀具振动幅度由(-14.7,14.8)μm降低到(-5.8,7.8)μm;自动跟踪弧线形焊缝时,该方法抑制后的轨迹与实际轨迹几乎一致;薄壁件最大偏差仅为0.03 mm;断续切削加工中的偏差最大值仅为0.02 mm。该方法能够有效抑制刀具振动,解决了刀具振动产生的偏差问题,为机床准确进给奠定基础,具有工程实用性。Aiming at the problem that the relative position between the tool and the workpiece is deviated due to the vibration of the tool in high-speed five-axis linkage milling.A vibration suppression method of high-speed five-axis linkage milling machine tool considering the vibration of the tool was proposed.Firstly,the zero vibration derivative(ZVD)input shaper was designed,the tool trajectory was optimized by tool trajectory shaping,and the fluctuation and vibration of cutting force was reduced and the machining quality was improved.Then,a fuzzy neural network controller with five-layer structure was designed,and the cutting parameters were controlled in real time by fuzzy neural network to adapt to the changes in the machining process and maintain the stability of the machining process.Finally,by analyzing the relationship between milling force and unmachined chip thickness,tool vibration suppression was implemented,the resonance of servo feed system was reduced and the vibration suppression efficiency was improved.The research results show that the tool vibration amplitude of high-speed five-axis linkage milling machine tool is reduced from[-14.7,14.8]μm to[-5.8,7.8]μm after the tool vibration is suppressed by the research method.When tracking arc weld automatically,the trajectory suppressed by the research method is almost consistent with the actual trajectory.The maximum deviation of thin-walled parts is only 0.03 mm.The maximum deviation in intermittent cutting is only 0.02 mm.It shows that the research method can effectively suppress tool vibration,solve the deviation problem caused by tool vibration,lay the foundation for accurate feed of machine tools,and is practical.

关 键 词：机械振动 刀具振动 高速五轴联动铣削机床 零振动微分输入整形器 模糊神经网络 振动抑制 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]