不同含盐量下冻土电渗过程分析及其机理研究  

Analysis and mechanism study of electroosmotic process in frozen soil under different salt content

作　　者：赵芯雨 张泽[1,2] 张圣嵘 金豆豆 崔健[1,2] 翟金榜 ZHAO Xinyu;ZHANG Ze;ZHANG Shengrong;JIN Doudou;CUI Jian;ZHAI Jinbang(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;China-Russia Joint Laboratory for Cold Regions Engineering and Environment/Permafrost Institute,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学土木与交通学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学中俄寒区工程与环境联合实验室/冻土研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2025年第1期153-162,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100700);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771078);黑龙江省重点研发计划指导类项目(GZ20220095,GZ20220052);内蒙古自治区交通运输科学发展研究院开放基金项目(2023KFJJ-001)资助。

摘　　要：多年冻土地区中广泛分布着盐渍土,受季节性气候影响盐渍土地区的工程基础常常受到盐分侵蚀,这是此区域主要工程灾害之一。研究发现,冻结土在电场作用下,极性水分子与阳离子从阳极向阴极移动,当溶液浓度增高时,更有利于水分迁移。因此,可通过电渗的方法控制水分的聚集位置,解决冻土中因水分积聚而形成的冻害。结果表明:试验环境在-4℃下,不同含盐量试样通过粒子数量和未冻水含量影响着电流趋势——未冻水中离子浓度越大,土体导电性越强,电流峰值越大;未冻水含量增多,离子迁移通道也增多,且到达峰值时间缩短。对比通电结束后的水分迁移量,添加盐分能有效提高水分迁移量,但是0.20%、0.25%、0.30%三个浓度氯化钠盐渍土的水分迁移量区别不明显,即不同类型(低含盐度)冻土对水分迁移量的影响可以忽略。试验结果可为判别冻土地区应用电渗法适宜性提供一定的参考依据。Saline soils are widely distributed across permafrost regions,posing significant challenges to engineering projects,especially when it comes to constructing foundations.These regions are particularly vulnerable to salt erosion due to the seasonal climate variations,which often result in one of the most prominent engineering disasters—salt-induced damage to infrastructure.As temperatures fluctuate,the soil and its composition undergo complex changes that can affect the integrity and stability of structures built upon them.In recent research,it has been found that frozen soil,when subjected to an electric field,experiences a movement of polar water molecules and cations,which migrate from the anode to the cathode.This phenomenon is influenced by the concentration of ions in the soil,particularly in unfrozen water.As the solution’s ion concentration increases,the migration of water becomes more pronounced,providing a potentially effective solution to address issues of water accumulation in frozen soil,which is a primary cause of freezing damage.Electroosmosis,a technique that involves manipulating the flow of water through an electric field,has shown promise in controlling water migration and preventing the formation of ice that could damage engineering structures in these regions.The experimental results from studies conducted at a temperature of-4℃revealed that the migration of water is significantly affected by the number of particles and the ion migration channels present in the soil samples.Higher concentrations of ions in the unfrozen water lead to stronger soil conductivity,which in turn results in a higher peak current in the electroosmotic process.Additionally,an increase in ion migration channels shortens the time it takes to reach this peak current, further indicating the enhanced migration capabilities in the presence of higher ionconcentrations. Moreover, the research highlighted that when salt is added to the soil, water migration is noticeably increased compared to conditions without salt. Howev

关 键 词：电渗试验 冻土 含盐量 电流趋势 水分迁移 

分 类 号：O646.1[理学—物理化学] P642.14[理学—化学]