行刑衔接视域下污染环境犯罪的治理路径——以欧盟《环境犯罪指令》为借鉴  

The Governance Path of Environmental Pollution Crimes from the Perspective of Administrative-criminal Law Coordination--Drawing Lessons from the EU's Environmental Crime Directive

作　　者：王帅 李婧雯 Wang Shuai;Li Jingwen

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院 [2]中央民族大学

出　　处：《北京政法职业学院学报》2025年第1期11-19,共9页Journal of Beijing College of Politics and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“行刑联动对积极刑法的合理调适与实践展开研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:22CFX061。

摘　　要：环境犯罪同时涉及行政、刑事责任,完善的衔接机制是充分调动环境法律体系规制违法犯罪行为的关键。由于我国相关法律之间呈非对应结构、法益保护理念还不到位、法律中缺乏具体的操作细节和明确的界定、实践中经济刑罚与环境恢复性措施适用难达预期等问题,导致我国环境领域行刑衔接不畅,影响了环境治理效果。欧盟2024年《环境犯罪指令》通过明确法益内容、量化入罪标准、优化刑种、创设刑法独立环境合理划分了行政与刑事责任,加强了环境犯罪的预防性治理。我国可以借鉴其经验,通过完善前置法推动修复性措施适用,持续推进《环境法典》编纂工作;细化刑法规定、完善刑种设置以对接前置法;依托检察一体化,强化检察机关的实质性审查功能,来优化行刑衔接机制。Environmental crimes involve both administrative and criminal liabilities,and a wellcoordinated mechanism is key to fully leveraging the environmental legal system to regulate illegal activities.However,due to the non-corresponding structure of relevant laws in China,insufficient protection of legal interests,lack of specific operational details and clear definitions in legislation,and difficulties in applying economic penalties and environmental restorative measures in practice,the coordination between administrative and criminal enforcement in the environmental field has been hindered,affecting the effectiveness of environmental governance.The EU's Environmental Crime Directive of 2024 clarifies the content of legal interests,quantifies the criteria for criminalization,optimizes criminal penalties,and creates an independent environmental criminal law,thereby reasonably delineating administrative and criminal responsibilities and strengthening the preventive governance of environmental crimes.China can draw lessons from this experience by improving preemptive laws to promote the application of restorative measures,advancing the compilation of the Environmental Code,refining criminal law provisions,optimizing penalty types to align with preemptive laws,and leveraging prosecutorial integration to strengthen the substantive review function of procuratorial organs,thereby optimizing the administrative-criminal law coordination mechanism.

关 键 词：环境犯罪 行刑衔接 《环境犯罪指令》 预防性治理 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学]