地衣芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长性能、肌肉品质及土腥味防控的影响  

Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance,muscle quality and earthy odor control of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

作　　者：纪霜 李慷 靳锡辰[1] 罗雪能 沈紫倩 谢斌 韩焕 张峻铭 刘至治 刘利平 JI Shuang;LI Kang;JIN Xi-chen;LUO Xue-neng;SHEN Zi-qian;XIE Bin;HAN Huan;ZHANG Jun-ming;LIU Zhi-zhi;LIU Li-ping(Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Ecological Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [2]上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产生态养殖中心,上海201306

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2025年第1期334-342,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400504);上海市科技兴农技术创新项目(沪农科创字〔2021〕第3-1号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能、肌肉品质及土腥味防控的影响,为草鱼养殖中土腥味防控与肌肉品质提升提供参考依据。【方法】选取360尾(体质量25.00±1.50 g)草鱼,随机分为T1(投喂基础饲料)、T2(投喂地衣芽孢杆菌饲料)、T3[投喂基础饲料并添加嗜热一氧化碳链霉菌(Streptomyces thermocarboxydus)和蓝微褐链霉菌(S.cyaneofuscatus)]、T4(投喂地衣芽孢杆菌饲料并添加嗜热一氧化碳链霉菌和蓝微褐链霉菌)组。饲喂30 d,检测地衣芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长性能、肌肉质构特性、肌肉常规营养成分含量、肌肉脂肪酸含量及土腥味物质浓度的影响。【结果】饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能有效提升草鱼生长性能并改善肌肉质构特性,与T1组相比,T2组草鱼增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05,下同),T2和T4组草鱼肌肉硬度显著大于T1和T3组。饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能有效提升草鱼肌肉品质,T2和T4组草鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量和多不饱和脂肪酸总含量显著高于T1和T3组,二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和花生二烯酸显著高于T3组。饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能有效降低草鱼肌肉中土腥味物质浓度,T2组草鱼肌肉土臭素浓度显著低于T1、T3和T4组,T3组草鱼肌肉中2-甲基异莰醇浓度显著高于T1、T2和T4组。相关分析结果表明,土臭素和2-甲基异莰醇浓度均与多不饱和脂肪酸总含量呈负相关,土臭素浓度与粗脂肪含量呈显著正相关。【结论】饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能改善草鱼的生长性能,优化肌肉营养组成,提升肌肉质构特性并降低肌肉中土腥味物质积累。地衣芽孢杆菌可能是通过调控脂肪酸代谢,以减少草鱼肌肉中土腥味物质积累。【Objective】To investigate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance,muscle quality and earthy odor control of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),which could provide reference for the prevention and control of earthy odor in cultured C.idellus and the improvement of muscle quality.【Method】A total of 360 C.idellus(with an initial weight of 25.00±1.50 g)were randomly divided into 4 groups:T1(fed with basic diet),T2(fed with B.licheniformis diet),T3(fed with basic diet adding Streptomyces thermocarboxydus and S.cyaneofuscatus),T4(fed with B.licheniformis diet adding S.thermocarboxydus and S.cyaneofuscatus).After a 30 d feeding trial,the effects of B.licheniformis on grass carp growth performance,muscle texture characteristics,muscle conventional nutrient content,muscle fatty acid content and earthy odor substance concentration were detected.【Result】The addition of B.licheniformis could effectively improve the growth performance and muscle texture characteristics of C.idellus.Compared with the T1 group,the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the T2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05,the same below).The muscle hardness of the T2 and T4 groups was significantly greater than that of the T1 and T3 groups.The addition of B.licheniformis to feed could effectively enhance the muscle quality of C.idellus.The crude protein content and total polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the muscles of the T2 and T4 groups were significantly higher than those of the T1 and T3 groups respectively,and the contents of docosahexaenoic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid were all significantly higher than those of the T3 group.The addition of B.licheniformis to feed could effectively reduce the earthy odor substance concentration in C.idellus muscle,with group T2 showing significantly lower geosmin(GSM)concentration than T1,T3 and T4 groups.The 2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB)concentration in group T3 was significantly higher than in T1,T2 and T4 groups.Correlation analysis results in

关 键 词：草鱼 地衣芽孢杆菌 生长性能 肌肉品质 土臭素 2-甲基异莰醇 

分 类 号：S965.112[农业科学—水产养殖]