反应性星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统疾病中的作用研究进展  

Research progress on the role of reactive astrocytes in central nervous system diseases

作　　者：葛玉凤 王亭皓 胡清 蔡亚宁 冯达云 屈延 GE Yufeng;WANG Tinghao;HU Qing;CAI Yaning;FENG Dayun;QU Yan(Department of Neurosurgery,Tangdu Hospital,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710038,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学唐都医院神经外科,陕西西安710038

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2025年第3期395-400,共6页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点科学基金(82130038)。

摘　　要：反应性星形胶质细胞是为响应中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤、疾病或感染而经历形态、分子和功能重塑的星形胶质细胞。在衰老、损伤或存在神经炎症的情况下,TNF-α、IL-1α和C1q激活的小胶质细胞信号会诱导神经毒性星形胶质细胞表型,称为星形胶质细胞A1极化或反应性星形胶质细胞。反应性星形胶质细胞下调其支持功能并分泌神经毒性因子、补体因子(如C3)和趋化因子(如CXCL10)等,这可能促进免疫细胞跨过血脑屏障募集到CNS。目前还不清楚固定类别的神经系统疾病是否存在固定的反应性星形胶质细胞类型,如果存在,如何识别它们?本文综述了反应性星形胶质细胞在神经系统疾病中的重要作用,以期为探索反应性星形胶质细胞的病理作用和神经系统疾病的靶向治疗提供理论依据。Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes that undergo morphological,molecular,and functional remodeling in response to central nervous system(CNS)injury,disease,or infection.In situations such as aging,injury,or neuroinflammation,activated microglia signaling with TNF-α,IL-1α,and C1q induces a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype known as astrocytes A1 polarization,or reactive astrocytes.Reactive astrocytes down-regulate their supportive functions and secrete neurotoxic factors,complement factors such as C3,and chemokines like CXCL10,which may facilitate the recruitment of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS.It is not clear whether fixed reactive astrocytes exist in fixed categories of neurological diseases,and if so,how to identify them?This article reviews the important role of reactive astrocytes in neurological diseases,in order to provide theoretical basis for exploring the pathological role of reactive astrocytes and targeted treatment of neurological diseases.

关 键 词：反应性星形胶质细胞 A1星形胶质细胞 中枢神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R741.02[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]