线粒体蛋白组成可塑性与恶性肿瘤的研究进展  

Research progress of mitochondrial protein composition plasticity and malignant tumors

作　　者：王楠 许小君 魏元元 张志刚 黄启超 陈佳琪 WANG Nan;XU Xiaojun;WEI Yuanyuan;ZHANG Zhigang;HUANG Qichao;CHEN Jiaqi(School of Basic Medical Sciences,Yan'an University,Yan an 716099,China;Second Clinical Medical School,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang 712064,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学基础医学院,陕西延安716099 [2]陕西中医药大学第二临床医学院,陕西咸阳712064 [3]空军军医大学基础医学院,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2025年第3期416-420,F0003,共6页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82372848)。

摘　　要：肿瘤的发生是一个多种信号网络交互调节的复杂过程。线粒体作为一种独特的细胞器,在细胞能量代谢、氧自由基生成和细胞凋亡等过程中的功能异常都与肿瘤的发生与进展密切相关。与其他细胞器显著不同,线粒体具有独立于细胞核的基因组DNA,编码13种电子传递链蛋白。其余1000余种已知线粒体蛋白均由核基因编码,在胞质中合成前体蛋白后再转运至线粒体。新近研究表明肿瘤细胞中存在以往未知的新线粒体定位蛋白,这些蛋白在正常细胞中常定位于胞浆或其他细胞器。同时在肿瘤细胞中线粒体蛋白也被发现定位于细胞核或其他细胞器。上述研究提示,肿瘤细胞线粒体蛋白组成高度动态化,并可通过直接或间接调控线粒体功能或核基因表达促进肿瘤进展。鉴于此,本文综述了线粒体蛋白转运的多种途径及线粒体蛋白异常定位在肿瘤恶性进展中的重要作用,以期为探索新的肿瘤预防及靶向治疗策略提供理论依据。Tumorigenesis is a complex process interactively regulated by multiple signaling networks.Mitochondrion is a unique organelle,and its abnormal function in cell energy metabolism,oxygen free radical generation and apoptosis is closely related to tumorigenesis and progression.Significantly different from other organelles,mitochondria have genomic DNA independent of the nucleus and encode 13 electron transport chain proteins.The remaining more than 1000 known mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and are synthesized in the cytoplasm as precursor proteins before being transported to the mitochondria.Recent studies have shown the presence of previously unknown novel mitochondrial-localized proteins in tumor cells that are often localized in the cytoplasm or other organelles in normal cells.At the same time,mitochondrial proteins have also been found to localize in the nucleus or other organelles in tumor cells.The above studies suggest that mitochondrial protein composition in tumor cells is highly dynamic and may contribute to tumor progression by directly or indirectly regulating mitochondrial function or nuclear gene expression.In view of this,this paper reviews the multiple pathways of mitochondrial protein transport and the important role of abnormal mitochondrial protein localization in malignant tumor progression,with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for exploring new strategies for tumor prevention and targeted therapy.

关 键 词：线粒体 蛋白转运 肿瘤 

分 类 号：R734.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]