析论我国判决承认与执行制度中送达抗辩的系统建构  

Analysis on the Systematic Construction of Defense Against Service of Process in China’s System for Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments

作　　者：张丝路 ZHANG Si-lu

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《河北法律职业教育》2025年第2期58-67,共10页HEBEI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF LAW

基　　金：2023年度陕西省教育厅科学研究计划重点项目“涉外法治视域中国际货物运输争议解决机制研究”(23JY076)。

摘　　要：我国判决承认与执行制度中关于送达抗辩的规定不仅存在体系冲突,还存在内容不明确问题。借鉴从比较法维度得出的一般趋势,应从以下三方面进一步完善《民事诉讼法》新增的关于送达抗辩的规定:第一,应当将送达抗辩的举证责任分配给被告,作为被告申请不予承认外国判决的理由;第二,应以原审国法律判断是否合法送达,但当被告居住在我国境内时,我国法律可以就送达方式和送达客体作适当限制;第三,应将送达抗辩限制在缺席判决的情形,除非原审国法院不允许对送达瑕疵提出抗辩,或从我国法院的角度看,原审国法院的送达程序严重违反了被告的正当程序权或我国的社会公共利益,送达抗辩可以例外地适用于对席判决。The provisions regarding defense against service of process in China’s system for recognition and enforcement of judgments not only suffer from systemic conflicts but also lack clarity in content.Drawing on general trends identified through a comparative legal perspective,the newly added provisions on defense against service of process in the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China should be further improved in the following three aspects:Firstly,the burden of proof for defense against service of process should be assigned to the defendant as a reason for applying for the non-recognition of a foreign judgment.Secondly,the legality of service should be judged according to the law of the original jurisdiction country,but when the defendant resides within China,Chinese law may appropriately restrict the mode and object of service.Thirdly,the defense against service of process should be limited to cases of default judgments,unless the court of the original jurisdiction country does not permit a defense against defects in service,or from the perspective of Chinese courts,the service procedure of the court of the original jurisdiction country seriously violates the defendant’s due process rights or China’s social and public interests,in which case the defense against service of process may exceptionally apply to judgments rendered in the presence of the parties.

关 键 词：判决承认与执行 合法传唤 送达抗辩 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]