瘦身养殖模式对草鱼肌肉品质的影响  

LEAN AQUACULTURE PATTERN ON MUSCEL QUALITY OF GRASS CARP(CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLUS)

作　　者：王刘永 刘德露 邓婷 郭海燕 WANG Liu-Yong;LIU De-Lu;DENG Ting;GUO Hai-Yan(Chongqing Fishery Science Research Institute,Chongqing 400020,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市水产科学研究所,重庆400020

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第4期21-29,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：江津区生态瘦身鱼养殖技术模式研究(C20230106);生态草鱼血浆生化、脂质代谢及肠道微生物的研究(C20240111)资助。

摘　　要：为探究瘦身养殖模式对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肌肉品质的影响,研究比较了对照鱼和经8个月瘦身养殖后的瘦身鱼的形体数据、质构特性、一般营养成分、异味物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸等指标。结果显示,瘦身鱼肥满度、脏体指数、肝体指数及腹脂指数均显著低于对照鱼(P<0.05);瘦身鱼肌肉硬度、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性和剪切力均显著大于对照鱼(P<0.05);瘦身鱼肌肉中粗脂肪和粗蛋白显著低于对照鱼(P<0.05),灰分与对照鱼无显著差异(P>0.05),但水分显著高于对照鱼(P<0.05);瘦身鱼和对照鱼肌肉中均未检出土臭素(GSM)和2-甲基异茨醇(2-MIB);瘦身鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸总量(TEAA)及鲜味氨基酸总量(TDAA)均显著高于对照鱼(P<0.05);瘦身鱼肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA、EPA和DHA占脂肪酸总量的百分比均显著高于对照鱼(P<0.05)。研究表明,瘦身养殖模式能有效改善草鱼体型,提高其肌肉品质。相关研究结果可为草鱼瘦身养殖模式的探索提供基础资料,为养殖生产实践提供参考。Lean aquaculture is the culture mode of selecting disease-free,injury-free,robust,and marketable adult fish into high-quality water source under a zero-feed regimen.This approach aims to improve the muscle quality of freshwater fish through periods of starvation and exercise.A large number of studies have demonstrated that short-term lean aquaculture can improve the muscle quality of freshwater fish to a certain extent.However,research on the long-term effect of lean aquaculture on the muscle quality of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)is limited,necessitating further information for practical applications in aquaculture.In order to investigate the effect of lean aquaculture pattern on the muscle quality of C.idellus,the present study compared the morphometric data,textural characteristics,general nutrients,odorants,amino acid,and fatty acid indices of control and lean fish after 8 months of lean aquaculture.The morphometric results showed that the condition factor,viscerosomatic index,hepatosomatic index,and intraperitioneal fat index of lean fish were significantly lower than those of control fish(P<0.05).Additionally,muscle hardness,springiness,gumminess,chewiness,and shearing force were significantly greater in lean fish than that in control fish(P<0.05).Comparison of general nutrients revealed that crude fat and crude protein content in lean fish muscle were significantly lower than those in control fish(P<0.05).The ash content did not significantly differ between the two groups(P>0.05),while the water content was significantly higher in lean fish(P<0.05).Notably,geosmin(GSM)and 2-methylisotretinoin(2-MIB)were undetectable in the muscle of both lean and control fish.Comparison of amino acids showed that the total amino acids(TAA),total essential amino acid(TEAA),and total delicious amino acid(TDAA)in the muscle of lean fish were significantly higher than those in control fish(P<0.05).The percentage of total essential amino acid to total non-essential amino acid(TEAA/TNEAA)and the percentage of total essen

关 键 词：瘦身鱼 养殖模式 肌肉品质 草鱼 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]