抗生素对人工湿地处理水产养殖尾水的影响及其缓解途径  

ANTIBIOTICS ON THE PURIFICATION OF AQUACULTURE TAILWATER AND MITIGATION PATHWAYS IN CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

作　　者：侯天元 汤冬梅 张丽萍[2] 周巧红[2] 吴振斌[1,2] 武俊梅[2] HOU Tian-Yuan;TANG Dong-Mei;ZHANG Li-Ping;ZHOU Qiao-Hong;WU Zhen-Bin;WU Jun-Mei(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学环境学院,武汉430074 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2025年第4期59-69,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U20A2010和32173027)资助。

摘　　要：构建8种不同处理的垂直流人工湿地小试系统净化水产养殖尾水,探究添加抗生素(氟苯尼考)对人工湿地处理水产养殖尾水中有机物、氮和磷污染物净化效果的影响,以及基质优化和植物种植对这种影响的缓解途径。结果表明:垂直流人工湿地对CODCr、TN和TP的去除率分别为54.28%—76.41%、61.60%—89.18%和55.47%—87.00%,添加抗生素降低了人工湿地对CODCr、NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN的去除率分别为11.72%—22.21%、9.23%—19.44%和7.24%—16.40%。种植植物处理组脱氮除磷效果高于没有种植植物处理组,并且种植植物对人工湿地去除氟苯尼考提高了22.98%—31.87%。添加生物炭对人工湿地去除常规污染物没有显著影响,降低了对氟苯尼考的去除率。微生物群落结构分析表明抗生素的添加、生物炭的添加和植物的种植对微生物群落结构有显著影响。变形菌门是人工湿地中最主要的优势菌,在脱氮和去除抗生素过程中发挥着重要作用。髌骨菌门相对丰度在抗生素添加且植物种植处理组中明显提高,与氟苯尼考去除率显著正相关,可能是人工湿地去除氟苯尼考的关键门。总体而言,垂直流人工湿地可以有效的去除水产养殖尾水中的常规污染物和抗生素,人工湿地植物能协同微生物缓解抗生素污染对人工湿地净化性能的影响。Eight pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands(VFCWs)with different treatments were constructed to purify aquaculture tailwater.The study aimed to assess the effects of adding the antibiotics florfenicol on the removal of organic matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus,as well as to explore mitigation strategies through substrate optimization and planting.The results showed that the removal rates of CODCr,TN,and TP ranged from 54.28%to 76.41%,61.60%to 89.18%,and 55.47%to 87.00%,and the presence of antibiotics decreased the removal rates of CODCr,NO_(3)^(-)-N,and TN by 11.72%to 22.21%,9.23%to 19.44%,and 7.24%to 16.40%,respectively.IVCWs with plant exhibited higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies compared to those without plant.Notably,planting significantly enhanced the removal rate of florfenicol by 22.98%to 31.87%.While the addition of biochar did not significant effect the removal of conventional pollutants,it decreased the removal rate of florfenicol.Antibiotic addition,biochar addition,and planting had significant effects on microbial community structure.Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacterial phylum in VFCWs,playing a crucial role in nitrogen and antibiotic removal.The relative abundance of Patescibacteria was higher in IVCWs with florfenicol addition and planting than others,which was significantly and positively correlated with florfenicol removal,and might be the key phylum for the removal of florfenicol.Overall,VFCWs could effectively remove conventional pollutants and antibiotics from aquaculture tailwater,and plants could synergize with microorganisms to mitigate negative effects of antibiotic on the pollutants removal capacity of VFCWs.

关 键 词：垂直流人工湿地 水产养殖尾水 氟苯尼考 基质优化 微生物群落结构 净化效果 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]