牙周炎促进认知功能障碍的致病机制研究  

Research on the pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis promoting cognitive dysfunction

作　　者：吕建军 公维军[2] LÜJian-jun;GONG Wei-jun(Daqing oilfield generalhospital,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]大庆油田总医院,163316 [2]首都医科大学附属北京康复医院,100144

出　　处：《中华老年口腔医学杂志》2025年第1期23-27,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Dentistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82372557)。

摘　　要：牙周炎是发生于牙龈和牙周支持组织的炎症性口腔疾病,其临床病理表现为牙周袋形成、牙槽骨吸收、牙齿逐渐松动和袋壁发炎,是成年人牙齿脱落的主要原因,且患病率随年龄增高而增加,是人类第六大常见疾病。认知功能障碍多见于65岁以上老年人,是由各种先天或后天因素导致的认知域损害,包括注意力不集中、思维速度减慢、记忆力减退、执行力下降等,严重影响老年人日常生活活动能力和生活质量。近来研究发现,牙周炎与认知功能障碍密切相关,牙周炎患者发生阿尔茨海默病的风险是无牙周炎人群的3倍,随着牙周炎的加重,阿尔茨海默病患者认知障碍更加明显,其中涉及到的病理机制主要包括神经炎症加重、口腔-肠-脑轴失衡、突触可塑性损伤和血脑屏障破坏等。现对牙周炎促进认知功能障碍的致病机制做一综述,旨在为学术研究提供一定参考价值。Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral disease that occurs in the gums and periodontal supporting tissues.Its clinical pathological manifestations include the formation of periodontal pockets,alveolar bone resorption,gradual tooth loosening and inflammation of the pocket walls.It is the main cause of tooth loss in adults and the prevalence of which increases with age,making it the sixth most common disease in humans.Cognitive dysfunction is more common in people over 65 years old.It is caused by various congenital or acquired factors and leads to impairments in the cognitive domain,including inattention,slowed thinking speed,memory decline,and reduced executive function,which seriously affects the daily living activities and quality of life of the elderly.Recent studies have found that periodontitis is closely related to cognitive dysfunction,with patients with periodontitis having three times the risk of developing dementia than those without periodontitis,and that cognitive impairment in patients with dementia becomes more pronounced as periodontitis worsens,with the main pathological mechanisms involved including increased neuroinflammation,imbalance of the oral-gut-brain axis,impairment of synaptic plasticity,and disruption of the blood-brain barrier.The present paper provides a review of the pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis promoting cognitive dysfunction,aiming to provide some reference value for academic research.

关 键 词：牙周炎 认知功能障碍 致病机制 

分 类 号：R781.42[医药卫生—口腔医学]