汛期降雨对太湖流域水源水库氮磷贡献的模拟  

Simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus contribution by rainfall during flood season in drinking-water source reservoir in Taihu catchment

作　　者：秦金龙[1,2] 贺海勇 柴群宇 沈飞 邹伟 朱广伟 胡春华[1] QIN Jinlong;HE Haiyong;CHAI Qunyu;SHEN Fei;ZOU Wei;ZHU Guangwei;HU Chunhua(School of Resources and Environment,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Jiangxi Renjing Ecological and Environmental Engineering Corporation,Nanchang 330000,China;Fuyang Branch,Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Hangzhou,Hangzhou 311499,China;Yuhang Branch,Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Hangzhou,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学资源与环境学院,江西南昌330031 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [3]江西省仁景生态环境工程有限公司,江西南昌330000 [4]杭州市生态环境局富阳分局,浙江杭州311499 [5]杭州市生态环境局余杭分局,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《南昌大学学报(理科版)》2025年第1期19-27,35,共10页Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3203605);浙江省生态环境科研和成果推广项目(2023HT0013);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所自主部署项目(NIGLAS2022GS03)。

摘　　要：本研究以太湖流域的四岭水库为例,基于2022年的水质观测数据和长期水文气象数据分析,通过构建定量水文模型(SWAT模型)来模拟2022年水库流域氮磷入库负荷日变化,并分析流域氮磷负荷产生时空特征,以探讨汛期降雨对入库氮磷负荷的影响。结果发现:2022年,四岭水库流域总氮入库年负荷估算为74.1 t,总磷入库年负荷估算为1.15 t,水库单位面积上的氮负荷为1.13×10^(3)kg·hm^(-2)、磷负荷为17.6 kg·hm^(-2)。春汛降雨对水库氮磷年负荷产生具有决定作用,其降雨量仅占全年约为33.4%,但其产生的外源氮负荷在全年入库氮负荷中占比达到69.3%,磷负荷达到52.1%。氮磷来源上,中上游林地氮磷总负荷最大,但单位面积氮磷负荷强度呈现耕地>农村居民用地>林地>草地的特点。研究表明,耕地和农村居民用地的氮、磷控制是太湖流域水源水库环境治理的重点,特别应加强汛期氮磷的源强控制,减少热点区域土地扰动强度,加强生态沟渠及湿地等氮磷拦截系统的构建与管护,有效提高水源水库的水质安全。Taking the Siling Reservoir in the Taihu Lake basin as an example,this study simulated the daily changes of nitrogen and phosphorus input loads to the reservoir basin in 2022 by constructing a quantitative hydrological model(SWAT model),and analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loads generated in the basin to explore the influence of the flood season rainfall on the input loads of nitrogen and phosphorus,based on the water quality observation data and long-term hydrometeorological data analysis in 2022.The results showed that in 2022,the annual loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Siling Reservoir watershed for 2022 were estimated at 74.1 and 1.15 tons,respectively,and the nitrogen load on the unit area of the reservoir was 1.13×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2),and the phosphorus load was 17.6 kg·hm^(-2).Among the results,the spring flood rainfall played a decisive role in the annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads in reservoirs.Although its rainfall only accounted for about 33.4%of the year,the exogenous nitrogen load it produced accounted for 69.3%of the annual nitrogen load into the reservoir,and the phosphorus load reached 52.1%.Comparing the sources of nitrogen and phosphorus,the total nitrogen and phosphorus loads from forest land in the middle and upper reaches were the largest,but the intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus load per unit area showed the characteristics of decreasing from cultivated land to rural residential land,forest land and grassland in turn.This study showed that the control of nitrogen and phosphorus in cultivated land and rural residential land was the focus of environmental management of source reservoirs in Taihu Lake Basin.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the control of nitrogen and phosphorus sources in the flood season,reduce the intensity of land disturbance in hot spots,strengthen the construction and management of nitrogen and phosphorus interception systems such as ecological ditches and wetlands,and maintain the water quality safety

关 键 词：中型水源水库 汛期降雨 SWAT模型 氮磷负荷特征 降雨强度 流域管理 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]