磷钾肥施用策略对稻茬中强筋小麦籽粒产量、品质及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application strategies on grain yield,quality and nutrient absorption of medium and strong-gluten wheat in rice-wheat system

作　　者：唐滢柯 葛雨洋 周吉鑫 白杨 李春燕[1,2] 朱敏 朱新开 丁锦峰[1,2] 郭文善 TANG Ying-ke;GE Yu-yang;ZHOU Ji-xin;BAI Yang;LI Chun-yan;ZHU Min;ZHU Xin-kai;DING Jin-feng;GUO Wen-shan(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Wheat Research Center,Yangzhou University/Agricultural College,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Yangzhou Meteorological Bureau,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/扬州大学小麦研究中心/扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [3]扬州市气象局,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第2期254-266,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301404)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究秸秆还田条件下,磷钾肥用量和施用模式对稻茬中强筋小麦产量与品质的调控效应,为小麦优质高产栽培提供养分管理技术支撑。【方法】2022—2023年在江苏省江都区进行小麦田间试验,种植制度为稻麦轮作,稻麦秸秆全部还田。以中强筋品种扬麦39为材料,施氮量均为N 240 kg/hm^(2),设置磷钾肥全量单施、全量配施、半量配施、基追分施,以及施用不同类型肥料等9个处理,在开花前、后期,取样分析氮磷钾含量,小麦收获后,调查籽粒产量,分析营养品质与加工品质及籽粒氮、磷、钾素含量。【结果】与不施磷钾肥对照相比,所有8个磷钾肥处理均不同程度地提高了籽粒产量、品质和氮磷钾积累量,且不同施肥模式间差异明显。全量磷钾肥(P2O5120 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 120 kg/hm^(2))基追各半处理的增产幅度最高,且用单质磷钾肥处理与复合肥处理的增产效果没有显著差异,分别为61%、65%;其次为一次性基施全量磷钾肥,再次为全量磷肥单独基施和半量磷钾肥配合基施,全量钾肥基施和半量磷钾肥配合追施的增产效果最低。从品质看,全量磷钾肥配合基追各半的两个处理,其籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋、硬度和沉降值均显著高于其他处理,谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白比值较高,且复合肥处理的蛋白质含量还显著高于单质磷钾肥全量配合基施。两个全量磷钾肥基追分施处理的花前、花后氮积累量,花前氮素的转移量,花前磷钾素的积累量和转移量均高于其他处理,其次是全量磷钾基施处理,半量磷钾配合处理促进养分吸收运转的效果低于全量磷处理。一次性基施钾肥能够显著提升钾素积累量。【结论】强筋小麦的优质高产依赖于充足的磷肥供应,全量磷钾肥一半在播种前基施,一半在拔节期追施,最有利于提升小麦氮、磷、钾营养元素的吸收与转运,并在增加籽粒产量和总蛋白量的同时,提高【Objectives】Investigating the regulatory impact of phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)application patterns on grain yield and quality of medium and strong-gluten wheat can offer technological support for highquality,high-yield cultivation of wheat in a rice-wheat system.【Methods】A wheat field experiment was conducted in Jiangdu District,Jiangsu Province during 2022−2023.The cultivation system was rice-wheat rotation,with all the rice and wheat straw being consistently returned to the field.Yangmai 39,a medium-strong gluten variety,was utilized as the experimental material.The nine treatments of P and K fertilizers were composed of single application,combined application,basal and top-dressing application,single nutrient fertilizers and compound fertilizer(N−P2O5−K2O215%−15%−15%).Before and after anthesis stage,plant samples were collected for determination of N,P and K contents and accumulation.At harvest,the yield and yield components were investigated,and the grain nutrition and procession quality were measured.【Results】Application of P and K fertilizers significantly improved grain yield,quality,and nutrient accumulation,and significant differences were observed among the treatments.Compared to the control without P and K fertilizers,the split application of total amount of P and K fertilizers(120 kg/hm^(2) for both)half as the basal and half as topdressing were recorded the highest grain yield,with the yield increase of 61%by applying single fertilizer and 65%by applying compound fertilizer.Total amount of P and K fertilizer in basal application were recorded the second high yield levels,while total K in base application alone was recorded the lowest yield effect.Split application of total PK fertilizers also increased grain total protein content,and the ratio of gluten to alcohol-soluble gluten,thereby improved the procession quality indexes like wet-gluten content,hardness,and sedimentation value.Like yield results,compound fertilizer showed better effect than the single fertilizers at the s

关 键 词：中强筋小麦 磷肥 钾肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]