喷施叶面硒肥对不同叶色品种茶树富硒效果及品质的影响  

Effects of Foliar Selenium Fertilizers on Selenium Enrichment and Quality in Tea Varieties with Different Leaf Colors

作　　者：李浩 王淇 贾晓宇 李敬珊 周杰 余有本[1] 朱爱民 王伟东[1] LI Hao;WANG Qi;JIA Xiaoyu;LI Jingshan;ZHOU Jie;YU Youben;ZHU Aimin;WANG Weidong(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Ankang R&D Center for Se-enriched Products,Ankang,Shaanxi 725000,China;Jiamutianyuan Ecological Agriculture Technology Co.,Ltd,Hanyin,Shaanxi 725100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]安康市富硒产品研发中心,陕西安康725000 [3]汉阴县嘉木田园生态农业科技有限公司,陕西汉阴725100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第2期23-29,共7页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部富硒产品开发与质量控制重点实验室/富硒食品开发国家地方联合工程实验室开放课题项目(Se-2021B03);国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFD1601700)。

摘　　要：为探究喷施叶面硒肥对不同叶色品种茶树富硒效果和品质的影响,以‘龙井43’、‘中黄1号’、‘中黄2号’和‘紫鹃’为试材,设置清水对照、螯合硒和生物纳米硒三种喷施处理,并对喷施后30 d、60 d的鲜叶总硒含量、主要品质成分以及矿质元素含量进行测定分析。结果表明:与对照相比,喷施叶面硒肥能够显著增加各叶色品种茶树鲜叶中总硒含量,达到富硒茶生产标准,但富硒效果具有明显的时效性。其中,绿色品种‘龙井43’吸收迅速代谢也快,时效性较短;紫色品种‘紫鹃’富硒效果时效性高于其它叶色品种,可能与其较高的花青素含量有关。另外,喷施叶面硒肥能够显著增加各叶色品种茶树鲜叶中游离氨基酸含量,减少茶多酚含量,从而降低鲜叶酚氨比,尤其是绿叶品种。此外,喷施叶面硒肥能够增加茶树鲜叶中N、P、K、Mn和Zn的含量,减少Fe和Cr的含量,表明外源硒对提高茶树营养元素吸收利用以及缓解重金属污染亦有重要意义。针对不同叶色品种茶树合理调整喷施策略,能够有效提高茶树的硒含量并改善鲜叶品质,从而实现富硒茶稳定优质生产。This study investigates the effects of foliar selenium fertilization on selenium enrichment and the quality of tea varieties with different leaf colors,using‘Longjing 43’,‘Zhonghuang No.1’,‘Zhonghuang No.2’,and‘Zijuan’as test subjects.The treatments included a water-only control,chelated selenium,and biological nano-selenium.Measurements of total selenium content,major quality components,and mineral element concentrations in fresh leaves were conducted at 30 and 60 days after application.The results demonstrated that foliar selenium applications significantly increased the total selenium content in fresh leaves of all tested varieties,reaching levels that meet the standards for selenium-enriched tea production.However,the effects exhibited notable temporal limitations.The green variety‘Longjing 43’showed rapid uptake and metabolism of selenium with short-lived effects,whereas the purple variety Zijuan maintained higher selenium levels for longer periods,potentially due to its elevated anthocyanin content.Moreover,selenium treatment substantially increased free amino acid concentrations and decreased polyphenol levels,thereby reducing the phenol-amino ratio,particularly in green leaf varieties.Foliar selenium fertilizers enhanced the uptake of N,P,K,Mn,and Zn,while reducing Fe and Cr levels,indicating their potential role in improving nutrient absorption efficiency and mitigating heavy metal contamination in tea plants.Adjusting foliar selenium application strategies according to leaf color-specific characteristics effectively improved selenium enrichment and fresh leaf quality,ensuring the consistent production of high-quality selenium-rich tea.

关 键 词：茶树 叶面硒肥 富硒茶 品质 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]