膳食模式与中小学生超重肥胖的关联研究  

Association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students

作　　者：江南[1] 唐晓敏 孙文韬 JIANG Nan;TANG Xiaomin;SUN Wentao(Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心,北京101100

出　　处：《预防医学》2025年第3期228-232,共5页China Preventive Medicine Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨膳食模式与中小学生超重肥胖的关联,为中小学生平衡膳食和防控肥胖提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市通州区11所中小学校学生为调查对象,采用一般问卷调查人口学信息,采用食物频率问卷调查近1周内膳食摄入种类和频率,采用因子分析法确定膳食模式,将膳食模式因子得分按照四分位数分为Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4组;通过体格检查收集身高和体重,计算校正性别和年龄的体质指数Z评分,评估超重肥胖。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与超重肥胖的关联。结果调查1485人,男生745人,占50.17%;女生740人,占49.83%。年龄为(12.87±2.86)岁。确定3种膳食模式,分别为动植物蛋白膳食模式、高脂高糖膳食模式和蔬果奶类膳食模式,超重肥胖检出率分别为42.57%、48.42%和34.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,与蔬果奶类膳食模式比较,动植物蛋白膳食模式(OR=1.406,95%CI:1.084~1.823)和高脂高糖膳食模式(OR=2.137,95%CI:1.643~2.779)的中小学生超重肥胖风险较高;与膳食模式因子得分Q1组比较,高脂高糖膳食模式Q3组(OR=1.631,95%CI:1.206~2.208)、Q4组(OR=1.965,95%CI:1.446~2.671)超重肥胖风险升高,蔬果奶类膳食模式Q4组(OR=0.551,95%CI:0.406~0.747)超重肥胖风险降低,动植物蛋白膳食模式因子得分与超重肥胖无统计学关联(均P>0.05)。结论动植物蛋白膳食模式和高脂高糖膳食模式的中小学生超重肥胖风险较高;同一膳食模式中,越倾向于高脂高糖膳食模式的中小学生超重肥胖风险越高,越倾向于蔬果奶类膳食模式的中小学生超重肥胖风险越低。Objective To explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students,so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and obesity prevention for students.Methods Students from 11 primary and middle schools in Tongzhou District,Beijing Municipality,were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method.Demographic information was collected through a general questionnaire,and dietary intake types and frequencies over the past week were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis,and the dietary pattern factor scores were divided into Q1,Q2,Q3,and Q4 groups based on quartiles.Height and weight were collected through physical examinations,and Z-scores of body mass index adjusted for gender and age were calculated to assess overweight and obesity.The association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 1485 students were surveyed,including 745 males(50.17%)and 740 females(49.83%).The mean age was(12.87±2.86)years.Three dietary patterns were identified:animal and plant protein dietary pattern,high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern,and vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern.The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 42.57%,48.42%,and 34.75%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern,the animal and plant protein dietary pattern(OR=1.406,95%CI:1.084-1.823)and the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern(OR=2.137,95%CI:1.643-2.779)were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students.Compared with the Q1 group of dietary pattern factor scores,the Q3 group(OR=1.631,95%CI:1.206-2.208)and Q4 group(OR=1.965,95%CI:1.446-2.671)of the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern had an increased risk of overweight and obesity,while the Q4 group

关 键 词：中小学生 膳食模式 超重 肥胖 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]