基于线结构光移动扫描的钢轨连续廓形测量系统  

A continuous rail profile measurement system based on line structured light mobile scanning

作　　者：蒋俊 赵冠闯 施以旋 侯银庆 刘永乾 许海龙 JIANG Jun;ZHAO Guanchuang;SHI Yixuan;HOU Yinqing;LIU Yongqian;XU Hailong(China Railway Materials Operation and Maintenance Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100071,China;School of Remote Sensing Information Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China;Wuhan Hanning Rail Transit Technology Corporation Limited,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁物总运维科技有限公司,北京100071 [2]武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]武汉汉宁轨道交通技术有限公司,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《现代城市轨道交通》2025年第3期58-64,共7页Modern Urban Transit

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2603700);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(N2023G028,N2022G011);中国博士后科学基金(2023TQ0253)。

摘　　要：钢轨作为轨道系统的主要结构部件,随着运营时间的增长表面廓形会发生变化,产生磨耗和各类病害,如何高效精准的对钢轨廓形进行测量与维护事关铁路运营安全。针对传统接触式测量方法存在效率低等问题,利用多线结构光视觉测量技术,结合移动扫描方式,开发一种非接触式的钢轨连续廓形测量系统。系统基于激光三角测量原理,以线结构光传感器为核心测量元件,通过多传感器同步控制数据采集,获取多角度钢轨表面点云坐标,并通过点云数据的配准、融合等处理对钢轨廓形进行三维重建。系统装备被设计安装在轨检车车体下方,随着列车的运行实现对钢轨的连续扫描测量,能同时进行钢轨廓形、磨耗等项目检测。线路试验所得数据与现有SPM型钢轨廓形测量仪测量数据的对比结果表明,该系统能够在动态环境下实现钢轨廓形的高精度测量,当移动测量速度达到80 km/h时,其廓形精度达到0.1 mm,满足铁路维护要求。该系统具有测量速度快、非接触等优点,可显著提高钢轨廓形测量效率和准确性。As the main structural component of the track system,the rail is subject to the change of surface profile with the increase of operation time,resulting in wear and various diseases.How to efficiently and accurately measure and maintain the profile of the rail is related to the safety of railway operation.In response to the issues such as low efficiency of traditional contact measurement methods,this article utilizes multi line structured light vision measurement technology and combines mobile scanning to develop a non-contact continuous profile measurement system for rails.The system is based on the principle of laser triangulation,with line structured light sensors as the core measuring elements.Through multi-sensor synchronous control of data acquisition,it obtains point cloud coordinates of multi angle rail surfaces,and reconstructs the rail profile in three dimensions through point cloud data registration,fusion,and other treatment.The system equipment is designed to be installed under the car body of rail inspection car,and can continuously scan and measure the rails as the train runs.It can also simultaneously detect the profile and wear of the rails.Through line testing and comparison with existing SPM type rail profile measuring instruments,the results show that this system can achieve highprecision measurement of rail profile in dynamic environments.When the mobile measurement speed reaches 80 km/h,the profile accuracy reaches 0.1 mm,meeting the requirements of railway maintenance.This system has the advantages of fast measurement speed and non-contact,significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of rail profile measurement.

关 键 词：轨道交通 线结构光 移动测量 钢轨廓形 点云数据 

分 类 号：U213.9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]