章太炎对斯宾塞——泰勒宗教起源论的引介批判  

Zhang Taiyan's Introduction and Critique of Spencer-Taylor's Theory of the Origin of Religion

作　　者：彭春凌 Peng Chunling

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第11期142-166,M0006,M0007,共27页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“全球思想流动视野中的斯宾塞与近代中国研究”(24AZS014)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代思想家章太炎从翻译《礼仪与风尚》,到创作《榦蛊》时引述日人有贺长雄译自《社会学原理》的《宗教进化论》,较完整承续英国哲学家斯宾塞宗教起源说的思想脉络。但他不同意斯宾塞、有贺长雄将中国某些风俗归入“蒙昧”行列,及对儒家文献与“幽灵妄信”关系的曲解,为中国传统文化的理性主义辩护。章太炎赞赏姉崎正治著作中复刻自英国人类学家泰勒《原始文化》的反种族主义和反教权意识,译之为《原教上》,但整体更认可斯宾塞和泰勒的理智主义宗教起源说。斯宾塞—泰勒宗教起源论在近代中日复杂流转,章太炎选择淬炼其中进步思想精华,推动近代中国的启蒙和救亡事业。During the late Qing period,the intellectual Zhang Taiyan,from his translation of Manners and Fashion to his writing of Gangu which referenced the book On the Evolution of Religion translated by the Japanese scholar Ariga Nagao from Spencer's The Principles of Sociology,thereby more comprehensively inherited the line of thought about the origin of religion rooted in British philosopher Herbert Spencer's framework.However,Zhang Taiyan disagreed with Spencer and Ariga's classification of certain Chinese customs as barbarous,and he challenged their misinterpretation of the relationship between Confucian texts and“ghostly superstition”.Therefore,Zhang Taiyan unhesitatingly defended the rationalism inherent in traditional Chinese culture.He appreciated the anti-racist and anticlerical elements reflected in the works of the Japanese scholar Anesaki Masaharu,which were influenced by British anthropologist Edward B.Tylor's Primitive Culture,and Zhang translated part of Anesaki's work as The Original Religion(Vol.1).Overall,Zhang Taiyan agreed with Spencer's and Tylor's rationalist approach to the origin of religion more strongly.The Spencer-Tylor theory of the origin of religion thus underwent a complex transmission in modern China and Japan,and Zhang Taiyan chose and distilled the progressive ideas within it to promote China's modern enlightenment and national salvation eff orts.

关 键 词：章太炎 宗教起源论 赫伯特·斯宾塞 爱德华·泰勒 反帝反封建 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]