非等长高压油管对共轨系统喷油一致性的影响  

Influence of unequal-length high-pressure oil pipe on the fuel injection consistency of a common rail system

作　　者：李丽萍 王意宝 范委修 范立云[3] 卢港澳 LI Liping;WANG Yibao;FAN Weixiu;FAN Liyun;LU Gang′ao(State Key Laboratory of Engine and Powertrain System,Weifang 261061,China;Weichai Power Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261061,China;College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]内燃机与动力系统全国重点实验室,山东潍坊261061 [2]潍柴动力股份有限公司,山东潍坊261061 [3]哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2025年第2期252-258,共7页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：内燃机与动力系统全国重点实验室开放基金项目(skler-202115)。

摘　　要：为研究高压共轨系统高压油管非等长对循环喷油量一致性的影响,本文搭建了共轨系统AMESim仿真模型,并通过实验数据进行了验证。通过分析非等长高压油管系统的压力波动特性,提出了循环喷油量相对极差作为一致性的评指标,研究了在不同喷射模式下系统多缸循环喷油量的一致性。结果表明:非等长高压油管会通过影响各喷油器内部压力波动特性进而影响多缸喷射一致性;单次喷射模式中,油管非等长对循环喷油量一致性影响较小,在额定工况下循环喷油量相对极差为1.03%,并且随着控制脉宽的增加而减小,随轨压的增加先降低后增加,轨压140 MPa时达到最低为1.03%;多次喷射模式中,预主喷模式下主喷油量的一致性和主后喷射模式下后喷油量的一致性较差,主喷油量相对极差最大时为3.37%,后喷油量的相对极差最大时达到49.9%。高压油管非等长会显著降低多次喷射模式循环喷油量一致性,直接引起各缸喷油正时及实际喷射量差异,从而引起柴油机功率及转速波动,降低排放性能,因此在设计过程中应尽量避免。An AMESim simulation model of the common rail system was developed and verified by experimental data to address the problem of fuel injection consistency caused by unequal lengths of high-pressure fuel pipes in high-pressure common rail systems.The pressure fluctuation characteristics of unequal-length high-pressure pipe systems were analyzed,proposing that the relative range of circulating fuel injection quantity should be used as the evaluation index of consistency.The consistency of multicylinder circulating fuel injection quantity under different injection modes was studied.The results show that the unequal-length high-pressure pipe affects the internal pressure fluctuation characteristics of each injector,as well as the multicylinder injection consistency.For a single time of injection mode,the unequal length of the oil pipe exhibits negligible effects on the circulating fuel injection quantity.Under the rated condition,the relative range of the circulating fuel injection quantity is 1.03%,which decreases with the increase in the control pulse width.It initially decreases and then increases with the increase in rail pressure and then reaches the minimum value of 1.03%when the rail pressure is 140 MPa.For the multi-injection mode,the consistencies of the main injection quantity in the premain injection mode and the postinjection quantity in the main postinjection mode are poor.The maximum relative range of the main injection quantity is 3.37%,and that of the postinjection quantity is 49.9%.The unequal length of high-pressure fuel pipes remarkably reduces the consistency of cycle injection quantity of multiple injection modes.This condition directly causes differences in injection timing and actual injection quantity between cylinders.Consequently,diesel engine power and speed fluctuate,and emission performance is degraded.Therefore,this issue should be avoided as much as possible during the design process.

关 键 词：高压共轨系统 循环喷油量 压力波动 高压油管 非等长 一致性分析 AMESIM 柴油机 

分 类 号：TK421.4[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]