病毒载体在肿瘤疫苗中的应用进展  

Progress in the Application of Viral Vectors in Tumor Vaccines

作　　者：张婷然 田浤 姚文兵 ZHANG Tingran;TIAN Hong;YAO Wenbing(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drugability Biopharmaceuticals,School of Life Science and Technology,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院,江苏省生物药物成药性研究重点实验室,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2024年第6期705-710,共6页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.NC 82273840)。

摘　　要：肿瘤疫苗作为肿瘤免疫治疗的一种,旨在激活自体的免疫系统,增强免疫系统应答,诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫达到清除肿瘤的目的。人们发现经过基因改造后的病毒不仅可以感染多种细胞高效递送肿瘤抗原,还可以利用其自身复制能力裂解肿瘤,进而显著增强机体的免疫反应,因此成为了肿瘤疫苗的良好媒介,而其中痘病毒、腺病毒、腺相关病毒载体被广泛研究,这些载体均展现出了良好的应用前景。文章对近年来病毒载体在肿瘤疫苗中的应用进展进行综述,同时总结了应用中存在的问题如载体本身的免疫原性问题以及插入突变风险,并介绍了一些优化的策略如对载体进行靶向性改造、应用免疫增强的接种策略,以期为这一疗法的继续研究提供参考。As a kind of tumor immunotherapy,tumor vaccine aims to activate the autologous immune system,enhancing the immune system response,inducing humoral immunity and cellular immunity even to clear the tumor.It has been found that the genetically modified virus can not only infect a variety of cells to deliver tumor antigens efficiently,but also take advantage of its own replication ability to lyse tumors,and then significantly enhance the body's immune response.Based on this reason,it has become a good vector for tumor vaccines.Among them,the vectors of poxvirus,adenovirus and adeno-associated virus have been widely studied.Moreover,these mentioned vectors have shown promising application prospects.In this paper,the application progress of viral vectors in tumor vaccines in recent years will be reviewed,and the problems existing in the application,such as the immunogenicity of the vector itself and the risk of insertion mutation,will be summarized.What's more,some optimization strategies,such as the targeted modification of the vector and the application of immune-enhancing vaccination strategies,will also be introduced,for the aim of providing reference for the continued research of this therapy.

关 键 词：肿瘤疫苗 病毒载体 肿瘤免疫治疗 基因改造 肿瘤免疫微环境 联合治疗 

分 类 号：R730.51[医药卫生—肿瘤]