富水岩层中隧道锚杆锚固机理与抗拔性能研究  

Study on the Anchoring Mechanism and Pull-out Resistance of Tunnel Anchor Bolts in Water-rich Rock Layers

作　　者：李强[1] Li Qiang(Third Engineering Limited,China Railway 18th Bureau Group Corporation Limited,Zhuozhou 072750,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁十八局集团第三工程有限公司,河北涿州072750

出　　处：《市政技术》2025年第3期233-241,共9页Journal of Municipal Technology

基　　金：中国铁建股份有限公司2024年度科技研究开发计划与资助课题(2024-B5);中铁十八局集团有限公司济南轨道交通4号线一期工程科研创新项目(C2023-019)。

摘　　要：锚杆支护是改善裂隙岩体稳定性的重要手段,广泛应用于隧道、地下洞室等工程中。由于锚杆变形行为复杂,涉及岩体-锚杆相互作用的非线性特性,直接分析锚杆变形与支护效果的难度较大,因此通常采用现场拉拔试验来评估其支护性能。由此,针对不同围岩类型、含水条件、锚杆类型和锚杆长度,进行了现场试验和数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:在含水围岩中,水力膨胀式锚杆的抗拔力明显优于全灌浆锚杆,尤其在钻孔水量大于1.0 L/min时,仍能保持稳定的支护性能,满足设计要求。此外,还分析了锚杆失效对隧道结构稳定性的影响。分析结果显示,锚杆对隧道整体结构的稳定性影响有限;水力膨胀式锚杆在高含水环境下的支护效果较好,为复杂地质条件下的岩体支护提供了一种可靠的技术选择,具有重要的工程应用价值和推广潜力。Anchor reinforcement is a key method for improving the stability of fractured rock masses,which is widely applied in tunnels and underground chambers.However,the complex deformation behavior of anchors,related to the nonlinear characteristics of rock-anchor interaction,makes it challenging to directly analyze the deformation and support performance.The supporting performance is usually evaluated by field pull-out resistance tests.Both field tests and numerical simulations are conducted for different rock types,water conditions,anchor types,and lengths.The results show that hydraulic expansion anchor rods(ISR)offer significantly higher pull-out resistance than fully grouted anchor rods(FGR)in water-saturated rocks.These anchors maintain stable support performance that meets design requirements,especially when the drilling water volume exceeds 1.0 L/min.The impact of anchor failure on tunnel stability is also examined.The findings indicate that anchors have limited effect on the overall tunnel stability.However,hydraulic expansion anchors perform well in high-moisture environments,providing a reliable solution for rock reinforcement under complex geological conditions.This research has significant practical value and potential for widespread application.

关 键 词：锚杆 隧道 拉拔试验 隧道涌水 锚固机理 

分 类 号：U455.71[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]