不稳定性的概念谱系及地理学研究议题与展望  

The conceptual genealogy and geographical research on precarity

作　　者：黄耿志[1,2] 柴力行 HUANG Gengzhi;CHAI Lixing(School of Geography and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510006 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519000

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2025年第2期226-239,共14页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42471228,42122007)。

摘　　要：世界正在经历百年未有之大变局,不确定的时代和不稳定的生活开始浮现,不稳定性(precarity)作为一个概念在近20年迅速成为西方人文地理学备受关注的话题。论文首先基于西方社会科学的经典文献,阐释了不稳定性在劳动状况、本体论经验和阶层范畴三个层面的基本内涵,进而梳理了西方人文地理学关于不稳定性的研究脉络,发现不稳定性的地理学研究具有显著的批判主义思维,聚焦关注结构化的不稳定性环境对人的影响以及人在这一环境下的响应,并形成了两条研究主线:一是研究特定历史条件下劳动状况的不稳定性,关注不稳定劳动就业产生的结构化机制与不稳定无产者(the precariat)的能动性;二是研究作为人类生命本体论经验的不稳定性,关注宏观地缘政治和日常城市生活政治产生的不稳定性对居民的影响及引发的政治后果。最后,提出可结合新兴经济、经济新常态、国际政治形势和弹性资本积累等时代背景开展中国语境下的不稳定性地理学研究。综述有助于促进国内人文地理进入不稳定性研究领域,为认识不稳定性带来的社会风险和实现社会经济的稳定发展做好研究准备。The world is undergoing unprecedented changes that have not been seen in a century,with an era of uncertainty and precarity beginning to emerge.Over the past 20 years,the concept of precarity has rapidly become a topic of great interest in Western human geography.This article first explained the basic connotations of precarity in terms of labor conditions,ontological experience,and class categories based on the classic literature of Western social science.It then reviewed the research trajectory of precarity in Western human geography and found that the geographical research on precarity exhibits a significant critical thinking approach.It focuses on the impact of structured environments of precarity on individuals and their responses within such environments,forming two main research threads:one is the study of precarity in labor conditions under specific historical circumstances,focusing on the structural mechanisms of precarious employment and the agency of the precariat;the other is the study of precarity as an ontological experience of human life,focusing on the impact of precarity caused by geopolitics and the politics of everyday urban life on residents and the political consequences that arise.Finally,the article suggests that research on precarity in the Chinese context can be carried out by integrating the economic situations of emerging economies,the new normal of the economy,flexible capital accumulation,and international politics.This article aimed to promote the field of human geography in China to extend into the realm of precarity,preparing for research in understanding social risks brought about by precarity and achieving long-term stable development of the social economic system.

关 键 词：不稳定性 劳动 就业 能动性 地缘政治 日常生活 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]