基于混合八叉树模型的五轴联动数控加工仿真  

Simulation of 5-Axis CNC Machining Based on Hybrid Octree Model

作　　者：秦金祥[1] 杨萌 QIN Jin-xiang;YANG Meng(Engineering Training Center,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710065,China;Information Center of Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学工程训练中心,陕西西安710065 [2]西安石油大学信息中心,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2025年第2期271-274,441,共5页Computer Simulation

摘　　要：针对因五轴联动数控机床动态特性难捕捉,导致的数控加工仿真难度大的问题,提出一种基于混合八叉树模型的数控加工仿真方法。根据五轴联动中直角轴和旋转轴的同步协调特性,采用线性插补方式,分析五轴联动的旋转角速度和角加速度的对偶变化,建立一阶和二阶比例函数计算变化矢量,通过矢量同步关系得到角速度和角加速度同比例变化数值。建立混合八叉树模型,将五轴联动矢量的作为叶结点的初始输入值,其中每个分支和叶结点均代表不同五轴联动的动态参数,通过层次规划和节点分割模拟整个数控加工过程,结合实际应用情况不断送代更新,实现五轴联动数控加工仿真。实验结果表明,上述方法能够高效仿真五轴联动数控机床的加工过程,对刀尖和刀轴的轨迹模拟效果较好、清晰直观,将其应用在实际的设备维护中可提供重要帮助。Aiming at the problem of dfficulty in capturing the dynamic characteristics of five-axis CNC machine tools,this article put forward a method for simulating CNC machining based on a hybrid octree model.According to the synchronous coordination between the straight axis and the rotation axis in the five-axis linkage,linear interpolation was used to analyze the dual changes of rotational angular velocity and angular acceleration of the five-axis linkage.Then,first-order and second-order proportional functions were established to calculate the change vector.Based on the vector synchronization relationship,the proportional variation values of angular velocity and angular acceleration were obtained.Moreover,a hybrid octree model was built,and then the five-axis linkage vector was used as the initial input value for leaf nodes,where each branch and leaf node represented different dynamic parameters of the five-axis linkage.Finally,hierarchical planning was combined with node segmentation to simulate and iteratively update the whole CNC machining process.According to actual application conditions,we realized the simulation of fiveaxis CNC machining.Experimental results prove that the proposed method can efficiently simulate the processing process of a five-axis linkage CNC machine,and has good effect on simulating the trajectory of tool tip and tool axis,which can provide important help for actual equipment maintenance.

关 键 词：混合八叉树模型 五轴联动 数控加工 二阶变化量 层次规划 

分 类 号：TP559[自动化与计算机技术]