技术变革与职业分工的历史衍进--兼论智能革命对职业分工的影响  

Historical Progression of Technological Change and Occupational Division--On the Impact of the Intelligent Revolution on Labor Division

作　　者：郭美洪 刘海军 Guo Meihong;Liu Haijun

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《经济学家》2025年第2期45-54,共10页Economist

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“人工智能发展对我国工人阶级的影响研究”(22AKS014)。

摘　　要：职业分工是研究人类社会运动发展规律的重要范畴,要从生产力和生产关系两重维度理解其本质。在人类社会发展过程中,社会分工依次经历了自然分工、自发分工、自觉分工三个阶段,职业分工开始于第二阶段,并成为第二阶段社会分工的主要形式。在智能革命驱动下,职业分工表现出新旧职业加速更替、劳动者职业形态多元、职业技能发展体系智能化转型等新变化。当前,职业分工面临着就业结构性矛盾、教育体系滞后、职业极化与收入不平等加剧等诸多困境。技术变革只是造成智能革命时代职业困境的表面原因,而根本原因则在于资本逻辑的扩展,只有坚持技术的社会主义应用,建构具有中国特色的社会主义职业分工系统,才能有效防范和化解风险与挑战。Division of labor is a crucial category for studying the laws of human social development and movement.Its es⁃sence must be understood from both the dimensions of productive forces and the relations of production.Throughout the develop⁃ment of human society,social division of labor has undergone three stages:natural division of labor,spontaneous division of la⁃bor,and conscious division of labor.Occupational division of labor began in the second stage and became the dominant form of social division of labor during this period.Driven by the intelligence revolution,the division of labor has witnessed new changes,including the accelerated replacement of old and new occupations,the diversification of laborers'occupational forms,and the intelligence-driven development of occupational skill systems.Currently,the division of labor faces numerous challenges,such as structural contradictions in employment,a lagging education system,and the deepening of occupational polarization and in⁃come inequality.Technological change is only the superficial cause of the occupational challenges in the era of the intelligence revolution,while the fundamental cause lies in the expansion of capitalist logic.Only by upholding the socialist application of technology and constructing a socialist system of occupational division with Chinese characteristics can we effectively prevent and address risks and challenges.

关 键 词：职业分工 技术变革 智能革命 

分 类 号：F24[经济管理—劳动经济]