不同负重对青年男性深蹲能量消耗影响的研究  

Effects of different training weights on energy expenditure of young males during squatting

作　　者：乔正基 高云娜 杨俊超 李燕春 汪洋 Qiao Zhengji;Gao Yunna;Yang Junchao;Li Yanchun;Wang Yang(Beijing Sport University,Chinese Institute of Sports and Health,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College,Center of Physical Education,Guangdong 519000,China;Yonghe Palace Primary School Affiliated to Dongzhimen Middle School,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084 [2]北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院,体育教育中心,珠海519000 [3]北京市东直门中学附属雍和宫小学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2025年第1期3-12,共10页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2018YFC2000601)。

摘　　要：目的:通过比较青年男性不同负重深蹲能量消耗(energy expenditure,EE)的差异,探究负重对深蹲EE特征的影响。方法:招募20名青年男性(力量训练经验≥1年),在3次实验中,分别以40%1RM、60%1RM和80%1RM负重进行3组×5次深蹲,三次实验的间隔时间至少为72小时。测量运动前、中、后的摄氧量(VO_(2))、心率、血乳酸,以及深蹲时的杠铃机械功。采用单因素重复测量方差分析比较不同负重深蹲的EE差异,采用双因素方差分析检验计算方法和负重两因素对深蹲代谢当量(metabolic equivalent,MET)计算结果的影响,利用Pearson相关分析检验EE与杠铃机械功间的相关性。结果:(1)负重对总能耗和运动后过量氧耗(excess post-exercise oxygen consumption,EPOC)阶段能耗均有显著影响(P<0.001),运动中糖酵解能耗仅在80%1RM时显著增加(P<0.01),运动中有氧能耗在负重达到60%1RM以上时显著增加(P<0.05);(2)各负重下EPOC阶段能耗和运动中糖酵解能耗在总能耗中的比例显著高于运动中有氧能耗(P<0.01),40%1RM、60%1RM负重深蹲的运动中有氧能耗比例均明显高于80%1RM(P<0.01),其余指标间无显著性差异;(3)仅总能耗(r=0.65,P<0.001)和EPOC阶段能耗(r=0.68,P<0.001)与杠铃机械功呈中等相关;(4)运动中有氧能耗显著低于深蹲杠铃机械功(P<0.001),依据运动中VO_(2)计算40%~80%1RM负重深蹲MET计算结果的分别为2.42±0.54、2.89±0.87、2.7±0.56;而依据总能耗算出MET可达到14.99±2.94、20.52±4.51、28.57±6.88。结论:(1)负重增加对深蹲EE的影响主要表现在EPOC阶段能耗和运动中糖酵解能耗的增长;(2)仅依据运动中VO_(2)计算负重深蹲EE和MET会低估实际强度;(3)引入机械功可能会提高深蹲EE估算的准确性。Objective To explore the effect of training weights on energy expenditure(EE)among young males during squatting.Methods Twenty young males with strength training experience≥1 year were recruited and performed 3 sets of squats,with 5 repetitions per set,at 40%1RM,60%1RM and80%1RM,respectively,with an interval of at least 72 hours.Oxygen uptake(VO_(2)),heart rate,blood lactate,and the mechanical work on the barbell during squat exercises were measured before,during,and after each sets.Moreover,one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare EE differences between different training weights,and two-way ANOVA was employed to examine the weight×method effect on metabolic equivalent(MET)values.Meanwhile,Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between EE and barbell mechanical work.Results(1)Training weight has significant effects on the total energy expenditure and EE during excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC)stage(P<0.001),while a significant increase was observed in the glycolytic EE only at 80%1RM and the aerobic EE with no less than 60%1RM(P<0.01 and P<0.05).(2)The percentage of EPOC-stage and glycolytic EE in the total energy expenditure was significantly higher than the aerobic EE(P<0.01),while that of aerobic EE at 40%1RM and 60%1RM was significantly higher than at 80%1RM(P<0.01).(3)Total energy expenditure(r=0.65,P<0.001)and EPOC-stage EE(r=0.68,P<0.001)showed moderate correlation with the mechanical work done.(4)Aerobic EE was significantly lower than the mechanical work done during squatting(P<0.001).Moreover,the MET values of squats calculated using aerobic EE during exercise at 40%-80%1RM was 2.42±0.54,2.89±0.87 and 2.7±0.56,while the MET ones calculated using the total energy expenditure reached 14.99±2.94,20.52±4.51 and 28.57±6.88.Conclusions Only EPOC-stage and glycolytic EE elevate with the increase of weight.Moreover,EE and the MET value scalculated using VO_(2)during exercise may under estimate the actual intensity of squat.Meanwhile,the accurac

关 键 词：深蹲 能量消耗 代谢当量 训练负重 机械功 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]