乒乓球、羽毛球运动对7~9岁儿童近视防控效果的实验研究  

The effectiveness of playing table tennis and badminton on controlling myopia in children aged 7-9

作　　者：林文弢 李宇星[2] 彭燕群 黄燕玲 刁运堂 陈晓燕 杨玲[6] Lin Wentao;Li Yuxing;Peng Yanqiu;Huang Yanling;Diao Yuntang;Chen Xiaoyan;Yang Ling(School of Physical Education and Health,Zhuhai University of Science and Technology,Zhuhai 519000,China;Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou 510500,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Shiqiao Fudu Primary School,Panyu District,Guangzhou 511400,China;Yinhu Junior High School,Qingcheng District,Qingyuan 511500,China;School of Physical Education,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512000,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海科技学院体育科学学院,广东珠海519000 [2]广州体育学院,广东广州510500 [3]华南农业大学,广东广州510642 [4]广州市番禺区市桥富都小学,广东广州511400 [5]清远市清城区银湖初级中学,广东清远元511500 [6]韶关学院体育学院,广东韶关512000

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2025年第1期13-21,共9页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(21YJAZHO49);国家体育总局科技创新项目(23KJCX060);珠海科技学院大健康产业相关学科研究项目(2023DJKCY002)。

摘　　要：目的探讨适宜运动强度下乒乓球运动和羽毛球运动对7~9岁近视儿童的近视防控效果,为降低儿童近视的发生率提供理论依据和有效的运动干预方法。方法:随机选取广州市两所学校536名近视儿童,通过调查问卷和访谈法筛选出36名7~9岁的小学生为实验干预对象,将其分为对照组、乒乓球运动组、羽毛球运动组,每组各12人;分别进行为期6个月不同运动方式的中等强度运动干预,每周运动3次,每次1.5小时;运动训练方案以动态视敏训练、运动视敏训练和注意力训练为主,通过心率、自我感觉费力程度量表(rating of perceived exertion,RPE)和血氧饱和度数值来科学调控每次运动课的强度,检测眼睛干预前后等效球镜度、生物学参数,以及调节参数的变化。结果:经过6个月的运动干预,各组眼睛屈光度和生物学参数测量结果显示,对照组和羽毛球组的左眼等效球镜度(spherical equivalent,SE)在运动干预后低于干预前(P<0.05)。3组受试者左、右眼眼轴长度(axial length,AL)运动干预后均高于运动干预前(P<0.05)。3组受试者左眼轴率比(axial length/corneal radius of curvature,AL/CR)干预后高于干预前(P<0.05)。乒乓球运动组左眼和右眼的调节灵敏度(accommodative facility,AF)高于干预前(P<0.05)。羽毛球运动组右眼调节幅度(amplitude of accommodation,AMP)、左右眼AF均高于干预前(P<0.05),正相对调节(positive relative adjustment,PRA)低于干预前(P<0.05)。组间比较显示,6个月运动干预后,乒乓球运动组左、右眼SE均高于对照组(P<0.05),左眼AL及AL/CR也低于对照组(P<0.05)。乒乓球运动组AF高于对照组(P<0.05)。羽毛球运动组右眼AMP、左右眼AF均高于对照组(P<0.05),PRA低于对照组(P<0.05)。羽毛球运动组左眼SE高于对照组(P<0.05),而右眼角膜曲率(corneal curvature)及左眼的AL/CR均低于对照组。不同运动方式比较显示,6个月运动干预后,羽毛球运动组左眼AL�Objective To explore the effect of playing moderate-intensity table tennis and badminton on myopia prevention among children between 7 and 9 years old,so as to provide related theoretical basis.Methods A total of 536 myopic children were initially screened from two schools in Guangzhou via questionnaires and interviews.Among them,36 children(7-9 years old)were selected and randomly divided into a control group,a table tennis group and a badminton group,each of 12.All groups underwent 1.5-hour training three times a week for six months,covering training on dynamic visual acuity,sports vision and attention training and the exercise intensity was adjusted according the heart rate,rating of perceived exertion(RPE)and blood oxygen levels.Moreover,the equivalent spherical degree(SED),ocular biology,and accommodative parameters were measured before and after the intervention.Results After intervention,the left eye SEDs of the control and badminton groups were lower than before intervention(P<0.05).Moreover,the axial length(AL)in the left and right eyes and the axial length/corneal radius of curvature(AL/CR)of all 3 groups after intervention were significantly higher than before that(P<0.05).The table tennis group showed significant improvement in accommodative facility(AF)in both eyes(P<0.05),while the badminton group demonstrated significant increases in AF of both eyes,amplitude of accommodation(AMP)in the right eye,but a significant decrease in the positive relative adjustment(PRA)(P<0.05).Moreover,after intervention,SE and AF of both eyes in the table tennis group was significantly higher,with lower AL and AL/CR ratios in the left eye compared to the control group(P<0.05).The badminton group exhibited greater AMP in the right eye and AF improvements in both eyes compared to the control and table tennis groups(P<0.05),but lower PRA(P<0.05).Moreover,the left-eye SE of the badminton group was higher than the control group(P<0.05),while the right-eye corneal curvature and the left-eye AL/CR were lower than the latter(P<

关 键 词：乒乓球 羽毛球 儿童青少年 防控 近视眼 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练] G847[文化科学—体育学] R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]