为何日本未能成为全球学术中心——从诺贝尔奖成就看其局限  

Why Has Japan Failed to Become an Academic Center?Examining Its Limitations Through the Lens of Nobel Prize Achievements

作　　者：黄福涛[1] HUANG Futao

机构地区：[1]广岛大学高等教育研究开发中心,东广岛

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第4期1-15,184,共16页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：日本学术振兴会资助课题“地政学的な変化に対応した高等教育国際化に関する比較研究”(24KK0049)。

摘　　要：本文探讨了日本未能成为全球学术中心的多维原因。研究发现,日本在明治维新期间通过模仿欧美模式快速实现了高等教育近代化,过度依赖外来经验却削弱了自主创新能力,未能形成深厚的学术传统;战后经济复兴时期,科研重点转向产业技术应用,基础研究投入长期不足,限制了科技突破和知识积累。此外,科研经费分配偏向短期应用、资助来源单一,严重影响了学术研究的可持续性和灵活性。文化与社会因素同样构成制约,日语作为主要学术语言、学界内部等级制度以及文化保守性降低了学术成果的国际传播力。在学科发展方面,日本的学术成就集中于自然科学领域,社会科学与人文学科的国际影响力明显不足。地理位置边缘性与国际学术网络的薄弱,长期阻碍了日本学者融入全球主流学术圈。此外,人口老龄化、适龄学术人口减少以及国际学生和外籍教师比例偏低,进一步削弱了高等教育体系的国际竞争力。尽管面临诸多挑战,通过加强基础研究投入、优化跨学科合作、推进国际化战略以及利用数字技术建设虚拟学术中心等方式,日本仍然具备提升其全球学术影响力的潜力。This paper examines the multifaceted reasons why Japan has failed to become a global academic center.The findings indicate that while Japan rapidly modernized its higher education system during the Meiji Restoration by adopting western models,its over-reliance on external experiences weakened its capacity for independent innovation and hindered the development of a robust academic tradition.During the postwar economic recovery,the nation prioritized industrial and technological applications,resulting in prolonged underinvestment in basic research,which limited scientific breakthroughs and knowledge accumulation.Furthermore,research funding has been disproportionately allocated toward short-term applications with a single-source funding structure,undermining the sustainability and flexibility of academic research.Cultural and social factors—such as the predominance of the Japanese language in academia,hierarchical institutional structures,and cultural conservatism—have restricted the international dissemination of Japanese scholarly work.Disciplinary development has also been uneven,with academic achievements primarily concentrated in the natural sciences,while the social sciences and humanities lag behind in global influence.Japan s peripheral geographic location and limited engagement in international academic networks have further marginalized its scholars from the global academic mainstream.Challenges related to demographic shifts—such as a shrinking pool of eligible academics,an aging academic workforce,and low proportions of international students and foreign faculty—have exacerbated the decline in the competitiveness of its higher education system.Despite these challenges,Japan retains the potential to enhance its global academic standing through increased investment in basic research,strengthened interdisciplinary collaboration,advanced internationalization efforts,and the use of digital technologies to establish virtual academic centers.

关 键 词：全球学术中心 日本高等教育 科研体制 学术传统 基础研究 国际合作 

分 类 号：G644.0[文化科学—高等教育学]