离开学术界?——基于追踪调查的德国博士职业状况分析  

Leaving Academia?An Analysis of the Career Outcomes of PhD Graduates in Germany Based on a Long-Term Follow-Up Study

作　　者：科尔亚·布里迪斯 张乐(译) Kolja Briedis

机构地区：[1]德国高等教育与科学学研究中心,汉诺威30159 [2]北京大学教育学院

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第4期87-99,187,188,共15页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：本文基于德国高等教育与科学学研究中心(DZHW)对2014届博士毕业生调查(2015—2021年)的面板数据,采用长期追踪调查的方法,检验博士毕业生离开学术界的时间点对其职业适配性、收入水平及就业稳定性等职业状况的影响,为博士群体、大学及高等教育政策制定者理解德国博士制度与职业发展的关系及策略提供了实证依据。研究发现,职业目标及离开学术界的时间点对于博士毕业生的就业选择和收入水平具有显著影响,追求高收入和领导职位的博士毕业生倾向于毕业后立即转向非学术领域,毕业后即刻离开学术界的博士毕业生在非学术领域获得了更高的初始收入和更好的职业机会,延迟离开学术界的博士毕业生的长期收入仍高于德国平均水平且保持较高的学位—职位适配性。总体而言,德国博士毕业生整体失业率较低,博士学位在非学术领域具有强信号效应,雇主对博士学历的能力认可抵消了学术专用性技能的潜在贬值风险。研究表明,德国的博士培养体系为博士生在学术界之外的职业发展提供了独特优势。Using panel data from the long-term follow-up survey(2015-2021)of the 2014 PhD graduate cohorts conducted by German Centre for Higher Education and Science Studies(DZHW),this study empirically examines the impact of the timing of PhD graduates departure from academia on their career adaptability,income levels,and employment stability.This research finds that career goals and the timing of departure from academia significantly influence PhD graduates employment choices and income levels.PhD graduates who pursue high income and leadership positions are more likely to transition immediately into non-academic fields after graduation.Immediate leavers obtain higher initial income and better career opportunities in non-academic sectors,while those who delay leaving academia still maintain higher long-term income than the German average and retained a high degree of degree-job fit.Overall,the unemployment rate for German PhD graduates is low,and the PhD degree has a strong signaling effect in non-academic fields.Employers recognition of the PhD degree s capabilities offsets the potential depreciation risk of academic-specific skills in non-academic fields.This study suggests that Germany s current PhD training system provides unique advantages for PhD graduates career development outside academia,and offers empirical evidence for understanding the relationship and strategies between Germany s PhD system and career development for PhD graduates,universities,and higher education policymakers.

关 键 词：德国高等教育 博士毕业生 职业发展 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]