生态产品价值视角下的生态补偿额度测算——以陕西省为例  

Estimating ecological compensation based on ecological product value:A case study of Shaanxi Province

作　　者：董彭蓓 任宗萍[1] 乔海亮 熊萍 徐国策[1] 贺国凯 王璞 DONG Pengbei;REN Zongping;QIAO Hailiang;XIONG Ping;XU Guoce;HE Guokai;WANG Pu(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;Shaanxi Provincial Forestry Survey and Planning Institute,Xi’an 710082,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]陕西省林业调查规划院,西安710082

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第3期77-86,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(24JP122)。

摘　　要：【目的】以陕西省为例,开展省域尺度生态产品价值核算和生态补偿额度分析,为完善区域生态产品价值实现机制,推动生态补偿科学实施提供参考依据。【方法】基于《陆地生态系统生产总值核算技术指南》评估了陕西省生态产品的价值量,并采用生态足迹和生态承载力模型分析了不同地市生态资源的“消费—产出”状况,在此基础上,结合各地市生态产品价值和生态资源利用状况测算了生态补偿额度。【结果】①陕西省2020年的生态产品价值为21546.94亿元,其中物质生产价值为4056.61亿元,调节服务价值为12278.33亿元,文化服务价值为5212.00亿元;②从生态状态看,仅安康市和商洛市表现为生态盈余,其余地区均表现为生态赤字状态;③从省域生态保护与经济发展平衡出发,西安市、咸阳市和榆林市需分别支付2011.07亿、321.65亿和2615.76亿元用于生态补偿,其余地区获得生态补偿。【结论】以生态产品价值为基础,结合生态足迹与生态承载力测算省市尺度上的生态补偿额度,可增强生态补偿的合理性与准确性。【Background and Objective】Ecological products,which are natural elements maintaining ecological security and providing a healthy environment,have both natural and humanistic values.However,the realization of their value is still imperfect,with issues like unclear property rights and inadequate financial support.Transforming ecological values into economic benefits is essential.Ecological compensation accounting helps clarify compensation standards and scope,but current policies face challenges like vague spatial scope and overly high compensation standards based on ecosystem service values.This study aims to assess the value of ecological products and the ecological compensation quota in Shaanxi Province,providing a reference for improving the regional ecological product value realization and compensation system.【Method】This study evaluates the value of ecological products in Shaanxi Province based on the Technical Guideline on Gross Ecosystem Product.It analyzes the‘consumption-output’of ecological resources in different cities using ecological footprint and carrying capacity models.The ecological compensation limit is then calculated by combining the ecological product value and resource utilization in different cities.【Result】In 2020,the total value of ecological products in Shaanxi Province was 2154.694 billion yuan,with material production at 405.661 billion yuan,regulation services at 1227.833 billion yuan,and cultural services at 521.20 billion yuan.The highest values were found in Hanzhong(312.474 billion yuan)and Yan’an(304.552 billion yuan).From a land-use perspective,forest,grassland,and water were in ecological surplus,while farmland,construction,and fossil energy land were in deficit.Ecologically,only Ankang and Shangluo showed surplus,while other regions had deficits.Based on the ecological protection and economic development balance,regions like Xi’an,Xianyang,and Yulin need to pay ecological compensation(e.g.,2011.07 billion yuan for Xi’an),while areas such as Yan’an and Ha

关 键 词：生态产品价值 生态补偿 生态足迹 生态承载力 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]