不同热处理对菜籽粕蛋白质分子结构及奶牛养分消化吸收率的影响  

Effects of different heat treatment on the molecular structure of protein in rapeseed meal and the digestibility and absorption rate of nutrients in dairy

作　　者：张昆仑 孟迪 刘梓涵 孙满吉[1] ZHANG Kunlun;MENG Di;LIU Zihan;SUN Manji(School of Animal Sciences and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第8期198-207,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS36)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究干热、微波和湿热处理对菜籽粕蛋白质营养价值、奶牛瘤胃和小肠消化特性及分子结构的影响。试验采用尼龙袋法,选取3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛测定瘤胃降解指标,试验周期40 d。试验结果如下:相比对照组,随着处理时间增加粗蛋白质在瘤胃中的降解率极显著降低(P<0.01);微波和湿热处理极显著提高小肠蛋白消化率(P<0.01),湿热组60 min处理效果最佳。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,3种热处理对菜籽粕蛋白质分子结构均有显著影响(P<0.05);菜籽粕蛋白质结构与蛋白质的营养价值之间有显著相关性(P<0.05)。综上所述:微波和湿热处理对菜籽粕蛋白质分子结构、瘤胃降解特性及小肠消化率均有显著影响;利用傅里叶红外光谱技术能对菜籽粕消化利用进行快速评估。The purpose of this study was to study the effects of dry heat,microwave and damp heat on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal protein,the digestive characteristics and molecular structure of rumen and small intestine of dairy cows.In this experiment,three Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula were selected to measure the rumen degradation indexes by nylon bag method,and the test period was 40 days.The results were as follows:compared with the control group,the degradation rate of crude protein in the rumen was significantly reduced with the increase of treatment time(P<0.01).Microwave and moist heat treatment significantly improved the digestibility of intestinal protein(P<0.01),and the moist heat group had the best effect after 60 min.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the three heat treatments had significant effects on the protein structure of rapeseed meal(P<0.05).There was a significant correlation between the protein structure of rapeseed meal and the nutritional value of protein(P<0.05).In conclusion,microwave and moist heat treatment had significant effects on the protein molecular structure,rumen degradation characteristics and small intestinal digestibility of rapeseed meal.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be used to quickly evaluate the digestion and utilization of rapeseed meal.

关 键 词：菜籽粕 热处理 蛋白质分子结构 傅里叶变换红外光谱 

分 类 号：S816.43[农业科学—饲料科学]