中国创新创业政策的动态演进与区域特征研究  

Research on the dynamic evolution and regional characteristics of innovation and entrepreneurship policies in China

作　　者：唐文浩 尤薇佳[2] TANG Wenhao;YOU Weijia(School of Humanities and Social Sciences(School of Public Administration),Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院(公共管理学院),北京100191 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《创新与创业教育》2025年第1期21-31,共11页Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“基于公益众筹的京津冀纯公共类生态产品的多元主体协同供给研究”(22GLB023);北京林业大学2022年教育教学改革与研究项目“基于OBE的创新创业与专业教育融合路径研究”(BJFU2022JY037)。

摘　　要：基于对中央和地方发布的创新创业政策文本的主题挖掘,发现2014—2022年中央发布的政策方向主要集中在大赛举办、就业服务、简政放权、平台建设和示范带动等5个方面,且各年的主题强度相对平稳,而简政放权在2015年的活跃度很高。核心发文机构从“十二五”时期到“十四五”时期经历了人社部、人社部和财政部、财政部的演变过程,其中,财政部与国家税务总局的合作十分紧密。不同经济区域的创新创业政策有其一致性,主要集中在资金支持、规范管理、人才培养等方面,同时,每个经济区域的政策又有其特色,东北地区关注农业和农村产业发展,西部地区关注生态文化旅游产业的带动作用,中部地区关注干部教育和乡村招商引资,东部地区则涉及电子商务与物流以及信息化与平台建设。基于此,建议政府加大对企业技术创新的政策支持,继续扩大双创示范基地建设范围,密切关注各省差异性政策的实施效果。Based on topic exploration on innovation and entrepreneurship policy texts issued by central and local authorities,this research discovers that the central government’s policy directions from 2014 to 2022 mainly focused on five aspects,including competition holding,employment services,streamlining administration and delegating power,platform building,and demonstration driving.While the theme intensity of each year remained relatively stable,streamlining administration and delegating power was highly active in 2015.The evolutionary progression of core drafting institutions transition from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security during the 12th Five-Year Plan period to a collaboration between the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and further to the Ministry of Finance during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.Notably,there exists a highly close partnership between the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration.The innovation and entrepreneurship policies of different economic regions were consistent in some aspects,such as financial support,standardized management,personnel training,and other aspects.However,each economic region also had its own unique policy characteristics.The northeast region focused on the development of agriculture and rural industries,while the western region emphasized the driving role of the eco-cultural tourism industry.The central region paid attention to the education of cadres and rural investment attraction,while the eastern region involved e-commerce and logistics,as well as informatization and platform construction.Based on the above analysis,it is recommended that the government enhance policy support for technological innovation in enterprises,further expand the scope of construction for entrepreneurial demonstration bases,and closely monitor the policy effectiveness of diverse measures among different provinces.

关 键 词：创新创业政策 主题挖掘 主题强度 网络分析 相似性计算 

分 类 号：F279.27[经济管理—企业管理]