稻虾田环沟网箱养殖黄鳝的苗种适宜放养密度探讨  

Study on optimal stocking density of Monopterus albus in net-cage culture in the peripheral trenches of rice-crayfish farming field

作　　者：吕仲书 贺金辉 李昊[2,3,4] 李旺 李为 苑晶[2,3] 张堂林 LYU Zhongshu;HE Jinhui;LI Hao;LI Wang;LI Wei;YUAN Jing;ZHANG Tanglin(Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Research Center for Integrated Rice Field Aquaculture Engineering,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;Xupu County Livestock and Fishery Affairs Center,Huaihua 419300,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [3]湖北省稻田综合养殖工程技术研究中心,武汉430072 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [5]溆浦县畜牧水产事务中心,湖南怀化419300

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2025年第2期95-102,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD2401802);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA230)。

摘　　要：为了合理利用水体资源,进一步提高稻渔综合种养效益,本研究在稻虾田环沟进行了黄鳝(Monopterus albus)网箱养殖的实验研究,设计了T30(30尾/m^(2))、T40(40尾/m^(2))、T50(50尾/m^(2))、T60(60尾/m^(2))四个放养密度处理组;实验鱼初始体质量为(34.00±3.54)g/尾,实验时间为80 d,探究不同放养密度对水质、黄鳝生长以及抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示:养殖期间不同密度组的pH基本无显著差异,溶解氧、总磷仅在养殖前期存在显著差异,总氮仅在养殖中期存在显著差异。黄鳝增重率和特定生长率均与放养密度呈负相关,T30密度组的增重率和特定生长率最高,与T40和T50密度组均无显著差异,但显著高于T60密度组;不同放养密度组的肥满度、肝体指数、体重变异系数均无显著差异。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性随着放养密度增加而下降,T30密度组最高,T60密度组最低,两者存在显著差异;然而,T-AOC和ALP活性在T30、T40、T50密度组之间均无显著差异,ACP活性在T30与T40密度组之间无显著差异。丙二醛含量随着放养密度增加而上升,T30密度组显著低于其他组。成活率随着放养密度增加而降低,T30与T40密度组的成活率无显著差异,但两者均显著高于T50和T60密度组。不同放养密度对黄鳝产量没有显著影响,但T30和T40密度组可获得较高的经济效益。以上结果综合分析可知,当鱼种规格为30~40 g/尾时,稻虾田环沟黄鳝网箱养殖的适宜密度为30~40尾/m^(2),最高不宜超过50尾/m^(2)。The eel net-cage culture experiment was conducted in the peripheral trenches of rice-crayfish farming field to optimize the use of water resources and further enhance the benefits of rice-crayfish integrated culture.A total of four stocking density treatment groups of M.albus were established,including T30(30 inds/m^(2)),T40(40 inds/m^(2)),T50(50 inds/m^(2)),and T60(60 inds/m^(2)),to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on water quality,eel growth and antioxidant capacity.The initial weight of eels was 34.00±3.54 g,and the experimental period lasted 80 days.During the experimental period,there were no significant differences in pH among all the groups.However,dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus showed significant differences only in the early stage of the experiment,while total nitrogen(TN)showed significant differences only in the mid-stage.The weight gain and specific growth rates of eels were negatively correlated with stocking density.The T30 group exhibited the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate,with no significant difference compared to the T40 and T50 groups,but significantly higher than the T60 group.All groups had no significant differences in the condition factor,hepatosomatic index,and coefficient of variation in body weight.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),acid phosphatase(ACP)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)decreased with increasing stocking density.The T30 group had the highest enzyme activities,while the T60 group had the lowest,with significant differences.However,no significant differences were observed in T-AOC and ALP activities among the T30,T40,and T50 groups,nor ACP activity between the T30 and T40 groups.Malondialdehyde content increased with stocking density,with the T30 group significantly lower than the other groups.Survival rate decreased with increasing stocking density.There was no significant difference in survival rates between the T30(79.17±0.83)and T40(75.63±1.25)groups,but both were sig

关 键 词：黄鳝(Monopterus albus) 放养密度 生长性能 抗氧化性 成本效益分析 稻虾综合种养 

分 类 号：S965.131[农业科学—水产养殖]