共中心点离散化(CMPD)地震采集技术  

Seismic acquisition based on common-midpoint discretization(CMPD)

作　　者：李东安 邹启伟[2] 邓光校[3] 王梅生 LI Dongan;ZOU Qiwei;DENG Guangxiao;WANG Meisheng(Beijing Century Kingdo Petro_Tech Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China;PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company,Panjin,Liaoning 124010,China;Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company Research Institute,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京世纪金道石油技术开发有限公司,北京100029 [2]中国石油辽河油田公司,辽宁盘锦124010 [3]中国石化西北油田分公司研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2025年第1期54-63,共10页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“OBN地震勘探检波点动态定位及基于深度学习的波场分离技术研究”(42074140)资助。

摘　　要：反射波地震勘探因采用多次覆盖技术以及稀疏、规则的采集方式而被广泛应用。但因随机介质普遍存在并与层状地层共生,单一观测系统、室外检波器组合以及共中心点(CMP)采集已显示出诸多弊端。为此,基于全波场地震勘探理念,考虑到地震波背向散射需要通过单节点、高密度、随机的炮、检点布设实现非规则空间采样的要求,提出了共中心点离散化(CMPD)地震采集技术。首先,简要回顾信号采样和空间采样定理、随机采样和压缩感知理论;其次,明确了CMPD的应用范围及实现方式,例如,规则排列采用炮、检点局部随机布设,非规则排列采用炮道密度控制的布设,时移地震采集采用无桩号布设等;最后,从减少采集脚印、压制规则噪声、增加散射波能量、方便多面元的处理、实现多态式地震波成像等多方面分析了CMPD的作用与特征。试验结果表明,CMPD地震采集技术采用随机、非规则采集方式提升了地震波背向散射的品质,对推进多观测系统采集、时移地震采集、多面元处理、波场分离处理有一定借鉴意义。The widespread application of reflection seismic exploration benefits from not only the multiple coverage technique but also sparse and regular acquisition methods.However,due to the ubiquity of random media and their symbiosis with layered strata,single geometry,outdoor geophone array,and common midpoint(CMP)acquisition have shown many drawbacks.Based on the concept of full-wave-field seismic exploration and considering that the backscattering of seismic waves needs to achieve irregular spatial sampling through single-node,high-density,random source and receiver layout,this paper proposes the common-midpoint discretization(CMPD)seismic acquisition technology.First,it briefly reviews the signal sampling and spatial sampling theorems as well as the theories of random sampling and compressed sensing.Then,the application scope and implementation method of CMPD are clarified,such as local random layout of sources and receivers for regular arrangement,trace-density-controlled layout for irregular arrangement,and stakeless layout for timelapse seismic data acquisition.Finally,the functions and characteristics of CMPD are analyzed,such as redu-cing the collected footprints,suppressing the regular noise,increasing the scattered wave energy,facilitating multi-faceted processing,and realizing polymorphic seismic wave imaging.The experimental results show that the CMPD technology adopts random and irregular acquisition to improve the quality of the backscattering of seismic waves and has certain reference significance for promoting multi-geometry acquisition,time-lapse seismic data acquisition,multi-faceted processing,and wave field separation processing.

关 键 词：全波场地震勘探 共中心点离散化 采集设计 观测系统 随机采样 时移地震采集 压缩感知 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]