生物炭基缓释肥制备技术与农业应用的研究进展  

Research progress on biochar-based slow-release fertilizer preparation technology and agricultural application

作　　者：李璐 权蔚慈 吴雨茜 龚逸伟 程红光 LI Lu;QUAN Wei-ci;WU Yu-xi;GONG Yi-wei;CHENG Hong-guang(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第3期1496-1506,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41771496)。

摘　　要：传统肥料在土壤中易造成过量养分,通过地表径流、反硝化、挥发和沥滤导致的养分损失不仅危害环境,还会影响人类健康,开发能够提高养分利用效率并减少污染的肥料显得尤为重要.缓释肥料通过精确控制肥料中化学成分的释放为解决这一困境提供了有效的解决方案,尤其是生物炭基缓释肥料因其独特的性质逐渐受到关注.在制备和应用方面,研究了多种提高肥效的方法,包括共热解、浸渍、包埋、造粒等,并对养分负载和缓释机理进行了深入分析.近年来,对生物炭基缓释肥料的研究取得了显著进展,涵盖了原料选择、制备工艺及应用效果等方面,证明其能够有效提高养分利用效率并显著减少对环境的负面影响,但在实际应用中仍面临一些挑战,需要进一步优化制备工艺,以实现其大规模推广的可行性.Traditional fertilizers are prone to causing excessive nutrient levels in the soil,and nutrient loss through surface runoff,denitrification,volatilization,and leaching not only harms the environment but also affects human health.Therefore,developing fertilizers that improve nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce pollution is crucial.Slow-release fertilizers provide an effective solution to this issue by precisely controlling the release of chemical components,and biochar-based slow-release fertilizers,in particular,have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties.Various methods to enhance fertilizer efficacy have been studied in terms of preparation and application,including co-pyrolysis,impregnation,encapsulation,and granulation,with in-depth analyses of nutrient loading and release mechanisms.In recent years,significant progress has been made in research on biochar-based slow-release fertilizers,covering aspects such as raw material selection,preparation processes,and application effectiveness.These studies have demonstrated that biochar-based slow-release fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient use efficiency and significantly reduce environmental impacts.However,challenges remain in their practical application,and further optimization of preparation processes is necessary to enable the feasibility of large-scale implementation.

关 键 词：缓释肥 共热解 浸渍 造粒 包膜 

分 类 号：X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]