基于IHA-RVA法的黔中喀斯特流域水文情势变化分析  

Analysis of Hydrological Situation Changes in the Qianzhong Karst Basin Based on IHA-RVA Method

作　　者：杨梅[1] 贺中华[1,2] YANG Mei;HE Zhong-hua(School of Geographic and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期91-102,共12页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]重点028);贵州省水利厅自然科学基金(KT202237);国家自然科学基金(u1612441,41471032)。

摘　　要：以贵州省黔中喀斯特流域乌江上游干流三岔河龙场桥站为研究站点,采用IHA-RVA生态水文指标变化范围法对水电梯级开发条件下龙场桥站1979—2020年水文情势变化进行量化评估,并根据双累积曲线法分析降雨和人类活动对龙场桥站径流量变化的影响。结果表明,龙场桥站年均径流量变化呈显著下降趋势,32个生态水文指标中,5个为高度改变,3个为中度改变,24个为低度改变,整体水文改变度为40.51%,属于中度改变;随着流域梯级开发的不断推进,下游龙场桥站径流量降幅逐渐增加,人类活动导致龙场桥站年均径流量降低,降雨在一定程度上消减了人类活动的影响;1985年以来,流域内土地利用转移主要表现为耕地、建设用地的增加,林地、草地、灌木、水域等地类面积的减少,表明土地利用变化对地表径流的截流作用不强,但因耕地面积增加导致的农业用水需求增长可能是龙场桥站径流减少的另一重要原因;龙场桥站上游梯级水利水电工程的修建及调度对下游水文情势产生了影响,增加了流域两岸生态系统的不稳定性,不利于流域两岸生物多样性的维续。研究结果可为梯级开发条件下黔中喀斯特流域水文水资源高效可持续利用及生物多样性保护提供科学依据。Human activities represented by hydropower gradient development and climate change are important causes of changes in runoff hydrological conditions.In this study,the Longchangqiao station in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River in the Qianzhong karst basin of Guizhou Province was selected as the study site,and the IHA-RVA(indicators of hydrologic alteration,IHA;range of variability approach,RVA)ecohydrological index change range method was used to quantitatively assess the hydrological situation of Longchangqiao station under the conditions of hydropower gradient development,and the influence of rainfall and human activities on the change of runoff at Longchangqiao station was analyzed according to the double cumulative curve method.The results show that:The annual runoff of Longchangqiao Station showed a significant downward trend.Among 32 ecohydrological indicators,5 were highly changed,3 were moderately changed,and 24 were lowchanged.The overall hydrological change degree was 40.51%,which belonged to moderate change;With the continuous progress of cascade development of the basin,the decrease of runoff in the lower reaches of Longchangqiao Station gradually increased.The average annual runoff of Longchangqiao Station decreased due to human activities,and rainfall reduced the influence of human activities to a certain extent;Since 1985,the land use shift in the watershed is mainly manifested in the increase of arable land and construction land and the decrease of the area of forest land,grassland,shrubs,water and other land types,indicating that the land use change does not have a strong effect on the interception of surface runoff,but the increase of agricultural water demand due to the increase of arable land area may be another important reason for the decrease of runoff at Longchangqiao station;The construction and dispatching of the upstream water conservancy and hydropower project at Longchangqiao station has influenced the downstream hydrological situation,increasing the instability of the ecosystems

关 键 词：水文情势 水文改变度 土地利用转移 乌江 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P331[天文地球—水文科学]